Надання медичної допомоги хворим на хронічну хворобу нирок V стадії, які лікуються гемодіалізом Адаптована клінічна настанова, заснована на доказах

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  Вживайте трави та спеції замість солі
  
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  Не використовуйте замінники солі за виключенням страв, дозволених до вживання вам лікарем чи дієтологом. Деякі із них містять калій (людям із захворюванням нирок необхідно обмежувати калій).
  

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  Обирайте ресторани, в яких страви найбільше підходять для вашої дієти, чи де страви готують по замовленню. Замовляйте страви наперед та пояснюйте, що ви дотримуєтесь особливої дієти. Запитуйте про меню та як готується їжа. У багатьох ресторанів є меню розміщене он-лайн.
  
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  Коли замовляєте страви просіть готувати без солі.
  
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  Просіть щоб до страв не додавали соуси, а подавали їх окремо
  
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  Китайська та Японська кухня може містити велику кількість натрію. Уникайте глутамату натрію, соєвого соусу, чи рибного соусу при приготуванні їжі. Вживайте рис, приготований на пару(в смажений рис часто додають соевий соус). Не додавайте до їжі соєвий соус після приготування.
  

Підвищений рівень калію крові може спричинити:

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  Серцевий напад
  
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  М’язову слабкість
  
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  Аритмію
  

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  Банани, кавуни, помаранчі, нектарини, ківі, манго, папайя, чорнослив, гранат
  
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  Фініки, сухофрукти, інжир
  

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  Авокадо, броколі, брюссельська капуста, батат, пастернак, гарбуз, овочеві соки, біла картопля.
  
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  Томати, продукти на основі томатів.
  
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  Овочі насиченого та зеленого кольору (такі як шпинат чи листовий буряк)
  
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  Сушені боби чи горох, чорні боби, жарені боби, печені боби, чечевиця, бобові.
  

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  Молоко, йогурт
  
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  Горіхи та насіння
  
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  Висівки та висівкові продукти
  
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  Шоколад, гранола, чорна патока, горіхове масло
  
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  Солезамінники
  

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  Яблука, чорниця, журавлина, ананас, малина
  

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  Спаржа, капуста, морква, селера, кукурудза, огірок, баклажан, зелена квасоля, зелений горошок чи боби, латук (салат айсберг), цибуля, редиска, ріпа, водяний горіх
  

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  Рис, локшина, вермішель, хліб та хлібопродукти (не цільнозернові)
  
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  Пиріг, жовтий пиріг, пиріжки без шоколаду чи фруктів, що містять велику кількість калію, печиво без горіхів чи шоколаду.
  

Для того, щоб визначити найкращий вибір для вашої дієти

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  Не вживайте чи використовуйте для приготування їжі рідину з-під консервованих фруктів, овочів чи вареного м’яса.
  
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  Вживайте різноманітні продукти, але в помірній кількості.
  
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  Розмір порції має велике значення. Майже всі продукти містять невелику кількість калію. Велика кількість їжі із низьким вмістом калію може перетворитися на їжу із високим вмістом калію.
  

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  Обирайте ресторани, в яких страви найбільше підходять для вашої дієти, чи де страви готують по замовленню. Замовляйте страви наперед та пояснюйте, що ви дотримуєтесь особливої дієти.
  
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  Для того, щоб мати більший вибір в ресторані, уникайте напередодні продуктів, що містять велику кількість калію.
  
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  Обирайте крохмаль та овочі, що містять низьку кількість калію (рис, локшина та зелені боби).
  
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  Уникайте вживання картоплі-фрі чи інших страв із жареною картоплею.
  
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  Для десертів:
  

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  Обирайте десерти, що просто приготовані, для уникнення вживання «прихованого» фосфору та калію.
  
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  Уникайте десертів із шоколадом, вершковим сиром, морозивом чи горіхами – вони містять велику кількість калію та фосфору.
  

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  Обирайте овочі із низьким вмістом калію, такі як горох, волокниста квасоля, водяний горіх, паростки квасолі та китайська капуста.
  

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  Будьте обережні – мексиканська їжа може містити велику кількість калію.
  
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  Остерігайтеся сальси. Сальса верде – зелений соус, але він приготований із зелених томатів. Кращий вибір: сальса приготована із перцю чилі без додавання томатів.
  
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  Уникайте бобів та рису (боби містять велику кількість калію).
  
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  Уникайте гуакамоле. Його готують із авокадо, що містять велику кількість калію.
  

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  Уникайте томатного соусу. Томати містять велику кількість калію, але паста подається із різними соусами не на томатній основі. Якщо ви змушені обрати страву із томатним соусом, попросіть, щоб соус подали окремо.
  

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  Будьте обережні – африканська їжа завжди містить велику кількість калію.
  
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  Уникайте коров’ячого гороху, сухих бобів, вареної зелені, шпинату, ямсу, пирогів із батату. Все перераховане містить велику кількість калію.
  
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  Кращий вибір? Курка-гриль (без шкіри), кукурудза, волокниста квасоля чи гібіскус їстівний, в’ялий салат латук, кукурудзяний хліб чи лаваш.
  

Підвищений рівень фосфору в крові може спричинити вивільнення кальцію із кісток, викликаючи тим самим слабкість. Високі рівні фосфору та кальцію можуть призводити до відкладання кальцієвих депозитів в стінках судин, легень, очей чи серця.

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  Продукти від свійських тварин такі як молоко, сир, сливки, домашній сир, йогурт, морозиво, пудинг
  
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  Горіхи, насіння, арахісове масло
  
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  Сухі боби та горох, тушені боби, чорні боби, квасоля звичайна, сочевиця, лущений горох та соєві продукти.
  
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  Хлібні висівки, цільнозернові продукти
  
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  Напої, такі, як какао, ель, пиво, шоколадні напої та темні напої коли.
  

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  Свіжі фрукти, такі, як яблука, абрикоси, ожина, грейпфрути, мандарини, груші, персики, ананаси, сливи та полуниці
  
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  Свіжі овочі такі, як цвітна капуста, морква, огірок, селера, залені боби та броколі.
  
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  Попкорн, крекери
  
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  Морозиво із фруктами, щербет
  
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  Кава чи чай без молока, фруктові соки.
  

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  Рис, локшина, хліб та хлібопродукти (не цільнозернові)
  
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  Пиріг, пиріжки без шоколаду чи фруктів, що містять велику кількість калію, печиво без горіхів чи шоколаду.
  

Для того, щоб визначити найкращий вибір для вашої дієти

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  Використовуйте в мюслі, каву чи при приготуванні соусів креми та замінники молока, одержані не від свійських тварин.
  
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  Розмір порцій дуже важливий, оскільки більшість продуктів містить велику кількість фосфору. Пам’ятайте, що велика кількість їжі із низьким вмістом фосфору, може трансформуватись в їжу із високим вмістом фосфору.
  
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  Слідкуйте за додатками до їжі, що містять фосфор. Вони завжди наявні в порошку для печива, смажених пампушках, тістечках, макаронних продуктах та пудингах.
  

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  Обирайте ресторани, в яких страви найбільше підходять для вашої дієти, чи такі, де страви готують по замовленню. Замовляйте страви наперед та пояснюйте, що ви дотримуєтесь особливої дієти.
  
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  Уникайте страви із великою кількістю продуктів, таких як запіканка із рису чи картоплі з овочами, які зазвичай містять високий вміст фосфору та натрію.
  
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  Для десертів:
  

• 
  Обирайте десерти, що просто приготовані, для уникнення вживання «прихованого» фосфору та калію.
  
• 
  Уникайте десертів із шоколадом, вершковим сиром, морозивом чи горіхами – вони містять велику кількість калію та фосфору.
  

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  Будьте обережні – французька їжа містить велику кількість фосфору.
  
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  Уникайте їжі, що приготована на маслі, сирі чи з кремовими соусами
  

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  Замовляйте блюда, що подаються без бобів чи додаткового сиру.
  

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  Будьте обережні – азіатська та індійська кухня може містити велику кількість фосфору.
  
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  Уникайте йогуртів, та пам’ятайте, що більшість індійських десертів містять молоко та відповідно велику кількість фосфору.
  

Будьте обережні – африканська їжа завжди містить велику кількість фосфору.

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  Обмежуйте їжу багату на фосфор, наприклад сухі боби, чорний горох та органічну їжу, таку як тельбухи.
  

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