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Literary translation and its main aspects and principles
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| Literary translation and its main aspects and principles
To improve the education of each person, it is important to get acquainted with the masterpieces of world literature. However, not everyone can learn works in the original language. It is only thanks to writers and translators that priceless treasures of world literature become available to us. It is impossible to overestimate the translation of literature. And when we read a translated text, we perceive it as artistic, and do not think about what work the translator has done to convey the meaning of the original literary work as reliably as possible. The translation of literary texts is complicated by a high semantic load, and the translator often has to create a text in another language again, rather than reproduce it from another language. The perception of the text is influenced by many things: culture, subtext, national peculiarities, everyday life, etc., therefore it is important for the translator to correctly adapt the text to all these conditions. If the translation were literally verbatim, then it would not be able to reflect all the depths of a work of art, but sometimes also the general meaning. It is worth noting that often a literary translation may not coincide with the original, the main rule is that for native speakers of the translation language, the same thing is clear that the original statement said for native speakers of their own language. And the writer-translator, as a native speaker, offers us his understanding of the original text. Therefore, literary translation should be comprehensively comprehended from the point of view of the original, here you can no longer do only with knowledge of a foreign language, here you need a special flair, skill - to be able to feel language forms, wordplay, and be able to convey an artistic image. However, there are different opinions among translators about the transmission of the spirit of the work. Some believe that it is important that the translation corresponds to the spirit of the native language, while others, on the contrary, insist that the reader should be taught to perceive someone else's thinking and culture. The second, sometimes, because of this, it is necessary to go to the violence of the native language. Due to such a polar position of translators, there is an opinion that there is no literary translation. More precisely, it is impossible. After all, one person interprets and translates this way, and the other - completely differently. What's to be done here? However, people have always sought to understand each other and enrich their soul with the literary world, which means that translators, again and again asking themselves the question "Is it possible?", will try to perform a miracle. It is customary to distinguish between certain types of translation, for example, socio-political, technical, artistic translation. Each of these areas of translation has its own specifics, but at the same time, these areas of translation are related to each other [1,6 p.]. Literary translation, both poetic and prose, is art. Art is the fruit of creativity. Literary translation, like any other, is designed to reproduce by means of the translating language everything that is said in the source language. Its features and the specifics of emerging problems are determined, first of all, by the specifics of the literary text itself, its very serious differences from other types of texts[2,26 p.]. The main difference between literary translation and other types of translation should be recognized as belonging of the translation text to the works of the translated language, which have artistic merits. In other words, artistic translation is a type of translation activity, the main task of which is to generate a speech work in the translated language that can have an artistic and aesthetic effect on the reader[3, 146 p.]. B.L. Pasternak in his "remarks on Shakespeare's translations" put it this way: "... the translation should give the impression of life, not literature. "But since translation is an art that has nothing in common with a literal craft, it means that the translator must be endowed with the gift of writing. The art of translation has its own peculiarities, and yet translation writers have much more similarities with original writers than differences. This is perfectly stated in A.I. Kuprin's "Junkers": "... for a translator of a foreign language, it was necessary to know, at least perfectly, this language, but you also need to be able to penetrate into the deep, lively, diverse meaning of each word and into the mysterious power of connecting these or other words. "Translators, like writers, need a multifaceted life experience, a constantly replenished stock of impressions. The language of the writer-translator, as well as the language of the original writer, consists of observations on the language of the native people and from observations on the native literary language in its historical development. Only those translators can count on success who start working with the consciousness that the language will overcome any difficulties, that there are no obstacles for it. The national color is achieved by accurately reproducing his portrait painting, the totality of everyday features, lifestyle, interior decoration, work environment, customs, recreating the landscape of a given country or region in all its character, resurrecting folk beliefs and rituals. Every writer, if only he is a genuine artist, has his own vision of the world, and, consequently, his own means of image. The translator's individuality is also manifested in which authors and which works he chooses to recreate in his native language. For a translator, the ideal is merging with the author. But merging requires searching, invention, resourcefulness, getting used to, empathy, visual acuity, sense of smell, hearing. Revealing creative individuality, but in such a way that it does not obscure the originality of the author. Translation is the transmission by means of one language of thoughts expressed in another language. Translation plays an important role in the exchange of thoughts between different peoples and serves to spread the treasures of world culture. A literal translation, with the correct transmission of the thought of the translated text, strives to reproduce the original as closely as possible. Despite the fact that a literal translation often violates the syntactic norms of the Kazakh language, it can also be used at the first, rough stage of work on the text, as it helps to understand the structure and difficult parts of the original. Then, if there are constructions alien to the Kazakh language, the literal translation must necessarily be processed and replaced with a literary version. Literary or artistic translation. This type of translation conveys the thoughts of the original in the form of correct literary Russian speech. It causes the greatest number of disagreements in the scientific community. Many researchers believe that the best translations should be performed not so much by means of lexical and syntactic correspondences, as by creative research of artistic relations, in relation to which language correspondences play a subordinate role. Other scholars define each translation, including artistic translation, as a recreation of a work created in one language by means of another language. Translation of poetry is one of the types of literary translation. Many Russian and foreign linguists and translators have been studying the peculiarities of translating poetic works. Among them were both outstanding linguists and famous writers and poets. K. I. Chukovsky, L. S. Barkhudarov, Yu. N. Karaulov, F. Schleiermacher, E. Burgess and many others wrote about the theoretical aspects and difficulties that arise when translating poetry. All researchers, without exception, noted the peculiarity of this type of translation. There were disputes about what is more important to preserve: the formal structure of the work or the aesthetic component and the semantic component. Quite often you can hear about the impossibility of translating a poetic text. The poet and literary critic, professor of the Perm and Petrograd Universities V. V. Veidle, believes that a person who undertakes the translation of poetry sets himself an almost impossible goal. In his work "The Embryology of Poetry. Articles on Poetics and Theory of Art,” he writes: “Poetic speech differs from any other in that what it expresses cannot be expressed by any other words and combinations of words, except for the very ones that it was expressed. Retelling, translation, by changing the sound, already (not to mention everything else) also changes the meaning. Therefore, only approximations are possible not only to the sound, but also to the meaning of the original” [4, 406 p.]. Features of translation of poetry are determined both by the feature of the poetic text, as a unit of language and art, and by the goals of the translator. The Russian poet and translator, S. F. Goncharenko, identifies three main methods used in translating a poetic original, depending on the type of information that the translator wants to convey with maximum accuracy [5, 45 p.]: жүктеу/скачать 0.59 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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