Ғылымдар бойынша ХХV республикалық студенттік ғылыми конференциясының
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| Keywords: the formation of moral and legal culture, morality, law, correlation analysis, university students.
The current socio-cultural situation in the country is characterized by negative trends. According to researchers, today the younger generation has the most pronounced loss of moral guidelines, a decrease in the level of culture. Western culture replaces domestic values, causes an active manifestation of moral lack of culture among young people, which contributes to the commission of offenses. Inadequate representation of students about universal human and legal values, their inability to analyze legal situations and organize their own moral and legal activities, lack of understanding of the meaning and significance of generally binding rules of behavior make us think about how to fill the inner world of students with new content of ideals and aspirations, ideas about moral and legal values. However, as notedE.A.Andreeva, modern teachers are focused primarily on the subject side of their labor, on the transfer of knowledge. As a result, students have a greater development of the cognitive sphere of the individual, and the process of education of moral and spiritual qualities fades into the background. As practice shows, today the majority of students come to universities with a low level of moral and legal culture. Hence, the problem of studying the moral and legal culture and its formation among students from the first days of being in high school is becoming increasingly important and of practical importance. The process of formation of moral and legal culture among students, in our opinion, will be effective if we consider and disclose in classes and curatorial hours on the basis of a correlative analysis of its main structural components. The work was carried out on the basis of the Cheboksary Polytechnic Institute (branch) of the Moscow State Engineering University. In the process of research, a complex of theoretical and empirical methods was used: the study and analysis of the relevant literature research problem, the observation of students in the course of classes, during discussions at curatorial hours, testing, etc. In general, the concepts of “morality” and “law” act as normative-value regulators of the behavior of undergraduate students. The value unity of law and morality is manifested in the fact that they are universal, that is, universal forms of expression of freedom, justice, equality, humanism in the behavior of people. The relationship of law and morality contributes to increasing stability and improving behavioral culture. Morality is one of the forms of social consciousness, a social institution that performs the function of regulating the behavior of people, in particular students, in all areas of social life without exception. Moral requirements are addressed to the conscience of man, associated with a sense of duty, a sense of justice, self-regulation of behavior. Through a correlative analysis of the structural components of the moral and legal culture, we tried to bring to the consciousness of students that morality is the core of the law. The problem of the correlation of morality and law was deeply examined in the works of prominent representatives of the German classical philosophy of I. Kant and G. Hegel. Kant, on the basis of the theory of "pure reason" he developed, asserted the supremacy of the initially existing objective idea of the divine origin of law. The so-called “categorical imperative” became the leading principle of Kant's ethics, the formula of which directly affected the problem of the relationship between law and morality: “Act so that the maxims that guide your will could become the principle of universal legislation”. We see that he elevates the role and significance of morality over the law. Hegel, accepting the opinion of Kant, notes that law and morality are closely interrelated, regards them as identical concepts. According to Hegel, the main difference between law and morality is coercion (the ability of a state to achieve unconditional compliance with a legal norm, as opposed to a moral attitude, does not imply a similar guarantee). The definition of these concepts only from the side of consequences resulting from their violation is not rational, since this does not reveal the essence of the concepts themselves. In the course of our research, we found out that the basic concepts of “morality” and “right” are not clearly understood by university students in the structure of moral and legal culture. According to the results of conversations, discussions, questioning, we determined that many students do not have a single view on the problem of the relationship between law and morality. To reach a consensus, we conducted a correlative analysis of the understanding of these terms. In our opinion, it is precisely on the basis of the correlative analysis of these basic components of the moral and legal culture that one can more deeply understand and realize its significance. The concepts of morality and law, we considered in the classroom on "Jurisprudence", "Philosophy", "Sociology". Considering the problem of forming the moral and legal culture of the individual through a correlative analysis of the above concepts, we concluded that there are points of contact between these concepts, namely: - morality and law are historically fundamental universal human values; - serve as a kind of evaluation categories in relation to the individual and society as a whole; - regulate social relations and act as a methodological basis of moral and legal culture. The difference in the components of moral and legal culture consists in the fact that morality is ancient in its origin, while the law appeared only with the emergence of statehood. The rules of law are respected by measures of state coercion, the violation of legal norms entails the use of sanctions by the state, and a measure of public pressure and condemnation are applied for the violation of moral norms. The law regulates only the most important and significant social relations, and morality, in addition to them, covers moral and everyday life. Due to the relative analysis of the structural components of moral and legal culture, students at the subconscious level began to evaluate their actions and the actions of people around them both from moral and legal points of view at the same time, began to think about the current state of moral and legal culture of society. They also noted that modern young people have superficial ideas about legal phenomena, do not think about the legal consequences of their behavior, how their society will evaluate their behavior. The low level of moral and legal culture of young people is determined by the indifferent and sometimes disrespectful attitude to the public assessment of their actions and leads to the emergence of antisocial actions. Thus, the correlative analysis of the concepts of “morality” and “right” contributes to the students' awareness of the meaning of moral and legal culture in the modern world. From the above conclusions, we see a significant relationship and interdependence of morality and law. Morality, being the foundation of law, influences its formation. The legal norms are based on the moral obligations of the individual to society and the state. жүктеу/скачать 5.25 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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