Научный потенциал XXI века

A.Zh. Shoibekova,
Doctoral student 
of the 1
st
 course "Horticulture" 
e-mail: alima-almaty@mail.ru, 
scientific Director S.C. Dzhantassov,
D.Sc.in Agricultural Sciences, 
Associate Professor 
Kazakh national agrarian university, 
Almaty 
GRAFTING CUCUMBER HYBRIDS ON THE ROOTSTOCK 
GOURD RESISTANT TO FUSARIUM PATHOGEN IN 
GREENHOUSES 
 
Abstract: currently, biological methods of influence on the 
plant organism are becoming important, promising is the search for 
new highly efficient and environmentally friendly methods of plant 
protection. One of these methods is the use of vaccination.
Keywords: grafting, cucumber, pumpkin, rootstock, scion, 
greenhouse. 
Grafting is the oldest method of reproduction and increasing 
the resistance of grafted plants, both in fruit growing and ornamental 
horticulture. As applied to herbaceous plants, namely to vegetable 
crops, this technique has been applied since the beginning of the 20th 
century It was found that the root system of some species used as 
rootstock, which is more powerful and resistant to environmental 
fluctuations, provides a high and stable yield of a number of 
vegetable plants both in open and protected ground [1]. 
The history of the use of vaccination on vegetable crops 
begins in the XVII century. In Japan and Korea, the method of 
vaccination began to be used in the late twenties. Vaccination of 
vegetable crops on stable rootstocks is now widely used both in 
Europe and in Asia. Currently, in South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, 
depending on the season and cultivation methods, more than 93-95% 
of watermelon plants, most cucumbers in protected ground and up to 
30% of open ground cucumbers are grafted. In many countries, to 
make resistance to root diseases and adverse conditions, vaccination 

is used, for example, cucumber, usually on pumpkin and 
MOMORDICA charantia, tomatoes on interspecific hybrids [2]. 
Vaccination of cucumber on rootstocks of other pumpkin 
plants first began to be used since the beginning of the XX century in 
Russia. In Russia, Lebedeve S.P. first undertook the cultivation of 
grafted vegetables Cucurbitaceae family in the mid-1920s. 
A.V. Fedorov with A. N. Papanov continued subsequent 
investigations. Therefore, the agronomist of S. Lebedev in the 30-ies 
of the last century succeeded in using this technology to grow in the 
middle zone of Russia melon without losing their taste. More 
powerful, resistant to many weather factors, the root system of the 
pumpkin provides a high yield, makes it easier to tolerate stress, 
increases the resistance of plants to diseases and pests.
Далеко не 
все сорта тыквы подходят для подвоя. As rootstocks for 
cucumber, various types of pumpkin are used: lagenaria (gourd), 
figgy pumpkin, large-fruited, hard-core, for example, Cucurbita 
ficifolia, Amygdalaceae. Not all varieties of pumpkin are suitable for 
rootstock. The most preferable cold-resistant plants with hard crust. 
It is impossible to take for these purposes muscat, gymnosperms, 
large-fruited pumpkins – survival will be practically zero [3]. The 
precocity of the rootstock directly affects the ripening period, 
accelerating them and reducing the vegetation period of plants.
In the modern economy, innovation is the basis of 
development; competitiveness, effective social and economic 
transformation, as well as the effective functioning of organizations, 
industries, regions and countries are the main driving force of the 
dynamic development of production and society. The solution of the 
problem of year-round or off-season provision of the population of 
Kazakhstan with high quality, environmentally friendly, affordable 
fresh vegetables and green crops can’t be carried out without the 
effective functioning of vegetable growing of protected soil, which is 
one of the most complex, technologically and capital-intensive, 
labor-intensive, energy-intensive and science-intensive branches of 
agriculture. At the same time, now, the innovative development of 
vegetable production of protected soil remains little studied and very 
relevant area of scientific research.
Greenhouse vegetable production of the country after 
intensive development in the 90s during the last two decades is 

experiencing a period of decline in production and reduction of 
areas, in addition, annually increases the volume of imports of 
greenhouse products, which do not always meet the quality 
requirements. The world experience shows that the innovative way 
of development of branches of agro-industrial complex promotes 
technical, technological, organizational and economic renewal of 
agricultural production and increase of its efficiency. Currently 
promising are:1) the search for new highly effective and 
environmentally friendly methods of plant protection, the importance 
of biological methods of impact on the plant body; 2) the search for 
new highly efficient and environmentally friendly methods to 
increase plant resistance to adverse growing conditions, as a basis for 
the development of cost-effective and long-term programs to combat 
pests and diseases. One such method is by grafting on resistant 
rootstocks. Important is the use of physiologically active substances 
with immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, the study of the 
influence of the method of vaccination, the type of rootstock and 
physiologically active substances on the features of growth, 
development and yield of cucumber hybrids in protected soil is 
relevant. One of these methods is the use of vaccination [5].
Studies in light of the new changed conditions with vaccinated 
plants in Kazakhstan have not been conducted. To increase the yield, 
greater biologization of the technology, it became necessary to study 
the selection of domestic rootstocks of pumpkin resistant to the 
pathogenesis of Fusarium, for grafting cucumber hybrids in protected 
soil, adapted to local conditions, testing new drugs and cultivation 
techniques that limit the use of pesticides.
There is very little data on the features of the biology of the 
development of promising rootstocks of lagenaria, pumpkin of fig-
leaf gourd and wax gourd (Benincasa). Little is known about seed 
production of a number of rootstocks for pumpkin crops, which 
deserve wide use as rootstocks. In the scientific literature, the 
influence of vaccination on the arrival of rootstocks with planting of 
the main elements of mineral nutrition is practically not covered. 
Little is known about seed production of a number of rootstocks for 
pumpkin crops, which deserve wide use as rootstocks. In the 
scientific literature, the influence of vaccination on the arrival of 
rootstocks with planting of the main elements of mineral nutrition is 

practically not covered. The types of pumpkins used as a rootstock of 
cucumber are most often recommended to use a ficifolious, large-
fruited and hard-edged pumpkin [4] Scientists note that to make 
resistance to Fusarium pathogens as a rootstock, it is better to use a 
figured pumpkin. The rootstock of the figurehead pumpkin reduces 
the sensitivity to low soil temperatures by 30
o
C, as well as to soil 
diseases and pests [7].
The current level of development of greenhouse vegetable 
production places high demands on varieties and hybrids. Frequent 
change of varieties is due to a number of objective factors – low 
yields and resistance to disease, poor quality and poor keeping fruit. 
The loss of popularity of the variety encourages breeders to search 
for a more worthy replacement. 
In modern conditions, the use of resistant varieties remains 
the most promising direction, guaranteeing the profitability of 
various greenhouses. Growing resistant varieties and hybrids can 
dramatically reduce the cost of plant protection against pathogens – 
steaming soil or expensive pesticides. However, creating and 
evaluating new sustainable hybrids requires a lot of time and 
resources. Low-volume hydroponics, new hybrids for specific 
climatic conditions and new opportunities for vaccination are three 
aspects of success in the greenhouse business at the present stage. 
The area of winter hydroponic greenhouses in Kazakhstan 
does not exceed 80 hectares, while most vegetables are produced in 
underground greenhouses, the area of which is more than 2000 
hectares. In hydroponic substrates are used, which are replaced 
annually, and there is no problem of accumulation of pathogenic 
microflora. The main problem is increasing the productivity of 
cultivated crops. In soil – is the permanent use of soil and cultivation 
of monoculture, which leads to the accumulation of diseases in the 
root layer. In greenhouses, the most common disease is Fusarium, 
the productivity of cucumber plants is reduced from 40 to 50%. 
Fusarium wilt is widespread in vegetable crops around the world, 
especially in protected soil conditions. Fusarium wilt in greenhouses 
caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most 
common plant diseases. These phytopathogenic fungi can infect 
plants at any stage of vegetation. When cool soil temperatures (18-20 
° C) can occur pre-emergence rot and rot of seedlings. This type of 

damage leads to significant crop losses in greenhouses and open 
ground. 
The harmfulness of root rot is reduced to a minimum when 
growing seedlings on rootstocks resistant to this disease. As 
rootstocks are often used multicultural species of pumpkin – 

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