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SLANG IS A VIVID WORD
Arystan Gulzhaina –
2 course masterof KazNPU, 6M020-Translation Studies
Scientifi c adviser: Eshimbetova Z.B. –
PhD in Philological sciences
Language is the instrument for human beings to communicate with each other, it has no class
nature. But it doesn’t mean that people use the same language in diff erent class. The languages
used in diff erent class have their clear characters and color; they can represent the speaker’s social
background, status, artistic culture and research background. In English, slang is a lively and
exciting word. But now, people can use slang in the conversation to
make their language to be
vivid, humorous and diff erent from others. Especially, the youth keep trying to make new slangs in
their conversations and producing powerful feelings. Meantime, slang can help the dialogue to be
free and friendly. So slang is used widely in our daily life, for instance in the books, magazines and
movies. As a widely used language, slang has its own defi nition, features and ways of translation.
Slang is the constant and ever-changing use and defi nition of words in informal conversation,
often using references as a means of comparison or showing likeness. Sime modern slang
has endured over the decades since its inception (i.e. cool) and some will only last a few
years before being provided obsolete or outmoded (i.e. bling bling). Slang can be born from
any number of situations or ideas (the word slang itself has come to represent selling, especially
of illegal drugs), and can be blunt or riddled with metaphor, and often quite profound.
Theuse of slang is regularly derided by culturally-ignorant people who feel it is the product of defi cient
education and believe it to be counter-evolutionary; of course, they couldn’t be farther from the truth.
Human language has been in a state of constant reinvention for centuries, and slang has been used and
created by poets and writers of all sorts (William Shakespeare has been credited for the upbringing of
at least a couple of words). it is the right and responsibility of the modern human to keep re-evaluating
language, to give dead words innovative contemporary meanings or to simply invent new ones,
in order to be more appealing and representative to the speaker/listener (which was essentially
the
basis behind language anyway, to understandably communicate thoughts or ideas verbally).
Infl uenced by diff erent languages, dialects, cultures, sayings, and on some occasions, tone or accent
of a voice, the word slang caught on as a coined term during the late 80’s in Atlanta, Georgia by
MadameConstable Charlotte Hemingsworth VIII as she was famous for speaking in a Southern
accent and was too lax to complete phrases during normal conversations. She claims that it was for
the purpose of concealing topics amongst close friends from eavesdropping citizens or members of
the small community.
Slang has many features by what we can use and understand it easily. Firstly, slang is convenient
and concise. Generally speaking, short and attractive;to the contrary, Standard Usage is like rigid
and wearisome. Most slangs are created by the public in the daily life, so it’s more convenient,
expressive and vivid than Standard Usage. For example, if you want to evaluate some food, you
will use delicious to praise and terrible to complain in Standard Usage. “Delicious” and “terrible”
are polysyllable, their pronunciations are longer. On the contrary, you can use two symmetric and
easy words to express, “yummy” and “yukky”. There is another example. “Beer party” can be
expressed to “kegger” in slang which is very visual and clear; both “hop” and “dance” mean dance,
but people make a connection between “hop” and “grasshopper crowhops happily in the grass”.
Secondly, slang is very humorous. As we all know, the American are humorous and creative, so
most slang is expressed the American’s wisdom and humor. “The Pentagon” is called “Target A”
in the slang, which satirize that America plays Pacifi c police in the world to interpose the other
countries’ domestic aff airs. Thirdly, slang is informal. For example, people always use “telly” to
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express “television”, some think “telly” is too formal so that they use “goggle-box” or “the one-
eye monster” instead. When something is wrong with the television, it can be expressed to “It’s
on the blink.” Fourthly, slang is neofangled erratic and fast updated. “The
idea what is thought
of suddenly” can be expressed to “brain storm”; “fi remen” is called “smoke eater”; “airplane” is
called “fl ying coffi
n”; “people who waste the time” is called “clock watcher”. All these imaginative
words are fresh so they are popular. In the modern society, students, servants and fans like to use
slang in their daily life, meanwhile, they are not satisfi ed with the slang,
so they always make
new slang in their conversation. As time goes by, the new slang will make the old to lose their
freshness and it will be replaced. Slang can be divided into two parts by the life, one is a fl ash in the
pan, for instance, “skidoo, peach, skirt, etc.” and the other one can propagation widely to become
the Standard Usage, for example, “baby-sitter, fi re, boss, fan, yes-man, cop, etc.” Finally, slang
has synonym. Slang has many vocabularies to describe the same thing, because every class will
provide the new words for slang and it won’t be stopped by too many words which are the same
meaning. Slang’s synonym is expressed on die, drink, money and body etc. For example, “die”
can be expressed to “to kick the bucket, to turn it in, to turn one’s toes up, to turn one’s heels, to
be agoner, to go up the fl ame”; “slightly drunk” can be called “fresh, lush, squiff y, tight”; “ very
drunk” can be expressed to “soaked, sozzeld, stoned”; “confused with drink” can be called “blitzed,
fuddled, woozy”. Besides, “money” can be expressed to “brass, lolly, tin, dash, bees, dough, bread,
honey”.
In a word, slang’s expressional color and extent are enriched by the plenty of synonyms.
When we fi nd out the features of slang, we can translate and use slang better in our English study
and daily conversation. Incontestably, there are some ways to translate slang. Firstly, transliteration
is the fundamental way of translating slang. When there is no word to translate slang, we can
translate slang based on its pronunciation. But not all slang can be translated by transliteration,
if we can fi nd the proper way to translate, we should avoid using transliteration. Secondly, literal
translation is the common way to translate slang. It can keep the
content and form of the text;
meanwhile, it can help us to understand the culture. But literal translation is diffi
cult, because we
shouldn’t make the readers confused in our translation. Thirdly, free translation is more common
and fl exible than literal translation; it keeps the content of the text except the form. We must use
free translation to instead of literal translation here, because we must pay attention on the meaning
of the sentence instead of the form. Finally, replacement is the important way to solve the problem
to translating English slang into another language. Diff erent countries have diff erent cultures and
ways of thinking. We can replace the image to avoid missing the special meaning. For example, cat
is the pet of the Europe and it means woman in their culture. So models’ walk is called “catwalk”.
In a word, when we meet cat in English sentences, we should translate it into human fi rst. Actually,
there are many ways to translate slang into another language. We should keep learning their culture
and languages so that we can translate slang better.
In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs,
etc. Slang is very informal words and expressions that are
more common in spoken language,
especially used by a particular group of people, for example, children, criminals, soldiers, etc. In
English, there are Standard Usage, Colloquialism and Jargon. Standard Usage is used by most people
in every situation; Colloquialism is used in informal situation, especially in informal conversations.
Jargon is the diff erent language used in diff erent professions, ages, etc. Slang seems to be between
Colloquialism and Jargon, it is not only the commonly used language among the most people, but
also belongs to a social group. Slang is a conversational word with some color which is understood
by most people.
By and large, the argument of slang is still existed. Some argue that learning slang will destroy
English, we should make it normative. Some support that slang is vivid and humorous so we should
learn it. In my opinion, slang is an interesting part of the English learning. If we learn English, we
should learn the culture, language and life. Meanwhile, we can learn slang better by learning the
features and ways of translation of slang.