Почвоведение и агрохимия
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Почвоведение и агрохимия, №4, 2020 based on trophic connection and habitat of soil invertebrates. According to the degree of connec- tion with the soil, there are three main groups of invertebrates found in it Gilyarov M.S. [17]: 1. Geobionts – organisms, the whole development cycle of which occurs in the soil. 2. Geophiles – organisms, part of the development cycle of which necessarily occurs in the soil. 3. Geoxenes – organisms, more or less accidentally leaving in the soil, using the soil as a temporary shelter (table 7). Table 7 – Mesofaunicbiodiagnostics of the main types of soils of ZailiAlatau by the type of habitat (0-20cm), under the vineyards of Almaly, Aisulu (2018) Soil type Type of habitat Geobionts Geophiles Geoxenes Dark brown Earthworms (Lumbri- cidae) Ground beetle (Carabidae) Scarab (Scarabeidae) Click beetles (Elateridae Darkling beetles. (Tenebrionidae) Weevils (Curculionidae) Ladybugs (Coc- cinellidae) According to table 7, it can be seen that geophiles are the dominant group, for which the most important is the nature and degree of soil porosity, humidity, tem- perature regime, distribution of the re- mains of organisms and humus. The same indicator by type of habitat can also serve as a bioindicator of soils. The main representative of the group of geobionts in dark brown soil are earthworms (Lumbricus). Their high abun- dance in the soil correlates with high hu- mus content and good soil structure. The importance of soil invertebrates for soil formation varies, their activity plays the greatest role associated, firstly, with the processes of decomposition, mineraliza- tion and humification of organic matter and, secondly, with the mechanical impact on the soil cover. When choosing organisms, the oc- currence of which in the soil can be an in- dicator of soil conditions, there is an im- portant question about food relations, since this factor can be decisive in the spread of the animal, but insignificant for the characteristics of the soil. The processing of plant organic mat- ter is carried out mainly by herbivorous animals that feed on both living parts of plants (phytophages) and dead (saprophages). Trophic activity of animals leads to mechanical destruction and grinding of organic matter, to its biochemical transfor- mations in the animal body, to the enrich- ment of organic residues by microorgan- isms [18]. Composition of the soil fauna can be divided into three main groups by type of nutrition: 1. Phytophages are organisms that feed on the underground parts of the living higher ones. 2. Zoophages are organisms that feed on other animals. 3. Saprophages are organisms that feed on dead and rotting remains of plants and organisms (table 8). The data in table 8 indicate that among saprophages in dark brown soil under the vineyards of grape varieties of domestic breeding Almaly, Aisulu identi- fied earthworms, scarab, millipedes, lady- bugs. Scarabeidae, Elateridae, Tenebrio- nidae, Curculionidae are bright representa- tives of mesofauna on all studied soils from the group of phytophages. |