Почвоведение и агрохимия
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Почвоведение и агрохимия, №4, 2020 Table 8 – Mesofaunic characteristics of the studied soils according to the type of nutrition (0-20 cm) Soil type Type of habitat Saprophages Phytophages Zoophages Dark brown Lumbricida Pyrrhococidae Oniscoidea Diplopoda Asilidae Tenebrionidae, Scarabeidae, Elateridae, Curculionidae Carabidae Coccinellidae Formicidae Muscidae Classification by type of nutrition has great practical importance, because it is possible to predict a decrease in the yield of cultivated crops. Thus, the analysis of the amount and group composition of mesofauna in the studied soils shows that their classification by type of nutrition has positive, global, environmental, but also agronomic value. Mesofauna, along with other soil charac- teristics may be used as a bioindicator [19;20]. We carried out biodiagnosis of the studied soils according to the classification based on trophic connection and habitat of soil invertebrates. From our observations it was found out that earthworms, the larvae of click beetles of the family Tenebrionidae are associated with soils with more humus and sufficient water supply(table 9). Table 9 – Bioindication of the main types of soils of ZailiAlatau by the species composi- tion of the mesofauna (0-20cm), under the vineyards of Almaty, Aisulu (2018) Soil type Type Class Group Family Bioindicators Dark brown Arthropods (Arthropoda) Insects (Insecta) Beetles (Coleop- tera) Wireworms (Te- nebrionidae) From the data of table 9 it can be seen that the indicators in the dark brown soils are wireworms from the Tenebrio- nidae family. The result of our research has shown that common species are larvae of insects from the family Carabidae, Formici- dae, as these species have plasticity (the ability to live in a variety of biotopes). The dominant species are insect larvae of For- micidae[21]. We have noted that the more common species of soil invertebrates found in the compared biogeocenoses, the more correct conclusions about the similarity of hydrothermal, chemical and biological re- gimes of the compared soils will be ob- tained. It was established that changes in the chemistry of the environment, physical properties of soils leads to changes in the amount and species composition of organ- isms. In this regard, soil invertebrates are one of the best bioindicators, as all actively moving species react to the slightest change in the environment by varying the number and violation of the ratios of trophic groups. It is revealed that the most convenient test objects are earthworms, larvae of click beetles, darkling beetles and some types of wood lice. CONCLUSION The ratio of groups in the complex of soil invertebrates varies throughout the season.With the growth of xerophytic habi- tats, the number of earthworms in the community is reduced.The complex of soil invertebrates is represented by three trophic groups: phytophages, zoophages and saprophages. Saprophages dominate everywhere. The prevalence of saprophag- es persists throughout the growing sea- son.Indicators in dark brown soils are wireworms from the family Tenebrionidae. |