Почвоведение и агрохимия
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Почвоведение и агрохимия, №4, 2020 In the south-eastern zone of Kazakh- stan, with an abundance of solar heat and the availability of irrigation water, the vine- yards make it possible to get a good har- vest and can be highly profitable. With a high potential opportunity, the productivi- ty of a modern vineyard in Kazakhstan re- mains low. It is known that the main factor for increasing the productivity of grape plantations is the assortment, which is im- proved both by introducing varieties based on soil-climatic analogues, and by breeding and introducing genotypes created by methods of combinational selection on a genetic basis [9]. Today, in our country, the planting area of vineyards is about 15 thousand hectares, new territories are being devel- oped, and serious research work is being done by scientific research institutes. Ac- cording to experts, the potential of Kazakh- stan’s viticulture is great - in the south of the country there are still about 60 thou- sand hectares of land suitable for growing grapes, but they are not used for objective and subjective reasons [10]. OBJECTS AND METHODS In the conditions of the south-east, the population of the mesofauna of dark brown soils was studied at the experi- mental site of «Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of fruit growing and viticulture» of Talgar district of Almaty region. The ob- jects of research were the grape varieties in the ampelographic collection: Almaly, Ai- sulu. Planting year of the vineyard is 2001. Scheme of placement of bushes - 3.0 x 1.5 m. The number of accounting bush- es in the plot - 10. During this research, the generally accepted methods approved by long-term practice “Methodical guidelines on the selection of grapes”, “Methods of agrotechnical research” and “Studying grapes varieties” were used [11-15]. 1a 1b Picture 1 - Grape varieties in ampelographic collection Almaly (1a), Aisulu (1b) Soil richness depends on the type and variety of soil, on natural conditions and human activities. Their role in soil for- mation is exceptional. They are the active factor, the activity of which involves the processes of decomposition of organic sub- stances and their transformation into soil humus. Soil invertebrates assimilate at- mospheric nitrogen. They secrete biologi- cal substances necessary for the synthesis of enzymes and proteins, are the most ac- tive factor in the biological circulation of substances. The flow of plant nutrients into the soil solution, and, consequently, soil fertility depends on their activity. It should be noted that in the ZailiAlatau soils a gradual increase in the activity of the mesofauna from sierozem to chernozem is observed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the dark brown soils of the ZailiAlatau there is a slight decrease in the |