Почвоведение и агрохимия
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Почвоведение и агрохимия, №4, 2020 Table 3 – Percentage mechanical composition of the soil (2018) Soil Sampling depth, cm Particlesizes, mm Sum of particles less than 0.001 mm Physical sand Physical clay >3 3-1 1- 0,25 0,25- 0,05 0,05- 0,01 0,01- 0,005 0,005- 0,001 >0,001 Dark brown 0-29 29-46 46-90 90-140 3,23 1,85 1,64 0.38 2,15 3,01 1,96 1,44 3,10 3,11 2,19 1,00 0,89 1,08 3,79 3,70 45,29 45,43 44,87 45,52 14,29 15,26 15,67 17,78 12,15 11,98 11,34 9,24 18,77 18,36 18,53 20,78 45,32 45,49 45,54 47,86 As shown in table 3, the studied soil has favorable thermal and air regimes, richer in food elements, which affects the resettlement of soil mesofauna. The con- tent of physical clay in dark brown soil in the profile ranges from 45.3-47.8 %. In the studied soil the predominant fraction is the fraction of coarse dust (0.05- 0.01 mm) ranging from 45.2-45.5 %. Ac- cording to the degree of stony properties dark brown soils are weakly stony. Parti- cles larger than 3 mm in diameter contain 0.38-3.23 %. Soil invertebrates are not ran- dom inhabitants of the soil. The soil can not exist without them, it was created by them, and that is why soil is their main habitat. Mesofauna activity is useful in that it leads to the improvement of physical properties, making them more loose, more easily permeable to water and air. All of these characteristics play an important role in soil formation, as a factor of the soil fertility creation. Physical properties are represented in table 4. Table 4 – Physical properties of the soil of ZailiAlatau under the vineyards of Almaly, Aisulu (2018) Soil type Sampling depth, cm Volume weight, g/cm 3 Specificweight, g/cm 3 Total porosity, % Dark brown 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 1,23 1,27 1,32 1,30 2,47 2,45 2,56 2,57 52 51 49 49 According to table4, the dark brown soil’s average bulk density is 1.27 g/cm 3 , specific gravity is 2.54 g/cm 3 and porosity is 55-49 %. Volume weight in 30 cm soil layer, the average specific gravity is 2.66 g/cm 3 and porosity is 47-45. Kachynski N.A. [14] has established that the higher the dispersion factor, the less strong the microstructure. The disper- sion factor does not exceed 10 %, in brown soils is 10-20 %, and columnar saline in- creases to 60-80 %. In full accordance with this we have studied the dispersion factor. So dark brown soil’s dispersion factor is 14.1 %. Obtained data indicate a high wa- ter resistance of microaggregates. This is due to the fact that there is a clear depend- ence on the content of humus in the soil. Sokolov A. [16] has established that the coprolites of earthworms are much more resistant to erosion than aggregates formed only under the influence of plant roots and microorganisms. The number of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm in the up- per horizons of mountain soils inhabited by earthworms ranges from 75 % to 90 %. The ability to resist the erosion ac- tion of water is inherent in both micro- aggregates and macroaggregates, and it depends on the mechanical composition of the soil and the amount of cementing agents. Microaggregate composition of the soil affects the structure, its addition, and finally affects the settlement and distribu- tion of mesofauna in the soil. Therefore, |