Почвоведение и агрохимия
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Почвоведение и агрохимия, №4, 2020 this study is extremely important, and in our opinion determines the quantitative composition of soil mesofauna. The results of the determination of the microaggregate composition of dark brown soil are sum- marized in table 5. Table 5 – Soil microaggregate composition(2018) Soil Sampling depth, cm Size fractions, mm Сontent in % 1- 0,25 0,25- 0,05 0,05- 0,01 0,01- 0,005 0,005- 0,001 >0,001 >0,001 Dispersionfactor Dark brown 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 20,56 17,37 17,48 16,98 32,67 31,79 31,84 31,35 34,24 38,14 36,02 35,97 9,19 7,83 8,41 7,87 0,68 2,23 3,56 3,45 2,66 2,64 2,71 2,84 18,82 18,36 18,42 18,12 14,1 14,4 14,7 14,5 From table 5 it is seen that the mag- nitude of the fractions smaller than 0.25 mm is the total amount of unstable aggregates. It mean that by the content of the fraction larger than 0.25 mm, it is pos- sible to explain water resistance of mi- croaggregates. Thus, in 30 cm layer of dark brown soil contains 18.1 % of water re- sistant microaggregates in average. The dependence of the biological activity of the soil on its moisture is pri- marily due to the fact that moisture affects the microbiological activity and the activity of the root system. Table 6 – Humidity of the main types of soils of ZailiAlatau under the vineyards of Almaly, Aisulu (2018) Soil Sampling depth, cm Soil humidity, % рН of aqueous suspension spring summer autumn Dark brown 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 22,87 24,45 21,67 23,20 19,87 20,18 20,66 21,14 21,33 21,70 16,65 14,56 7,6 7,6 8,3 8,5 Table 6 shows that soil moisture and pH depend on the type of soil and vary ac- cording to the seasons of the year. The maximum value of humidity in the upper soil layers was observed in the spring, it was 21.87 %, while in the summer humidi- ty was 20.46 %. The requirements of soil inverte- brates to soil moisture conditions have not yet been sufficiently studied. It can be as- sumed that not all soil invertebrates have the same need for water. It might be possi- ble that xerophiles are adapted to life in arid places, mesophiles are adapted to life in conditions of medium water supply and hydrophiles are more likely to be adapted to live on excessively moist soil. Conditions of moisture, aeration and pH of the medi- um are those parameters on which the depth to which the soil invertebrates go depends. Thus, the study of mechanical, microaggregate and chemical composition, water-physical properties of the studied soils of ZailiAlatau indicates more favora- ble conditions for the development and settlement of mesofauna in dark brown soils. The studied soils of the ZailiAlatau are classified mainly by humus content, gross stocks of nutrients, capacity and composition of the absorbed bases, which are indirect indicators of fertility. For the first time we have made an attempt to bio- diagnostics of soil data by mesofauna, which is an integral part of the soil (live phase). We carried out biodiagnosis of the studied soils according to the classification |