Современное педагогическ
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Connected speech
| Organization script
A script is “a sequence of activities associated with a stereotypical situation” [12]. With the help of this knowledge a native speaker is ready for a listening passage framework. For example, a presentation is comprised of an introduction, presentation outline, key ideas, conclusion. Thus, when a native speaker listens to a presentation, he knows that if he is distracted somewhere in the middle of the presentation, he can easily get the general idea in the end of the talk because the speaker is going to present this in his summary. Inference Inference is a part of a top-down processing which can be described as a thinking skill when a listener makes deductions of what has been said without having obvious proofs in the listening passage [15, c. 84]. A listener can infer only in case this person has already been in this situation and knows what typically happens and he draws parallels between the situation you are in and his experience (schemata). For example, when a native speaker listens to a presentation and he doesn’t hear some of the word he is going to rely on other verbal clues (key stressed words) which will help him to infer the meaning of what has been said. Connected speech Connected speech represents bottom-up processing of information. According to Thornbury S., connected speech is represented by unisolated speech sounds in the speech stream [12, c. 46–47] having the effect on each other. A native speaker always listens to a rapid speech. Relying on his linguistic knowledge and communication experience developed since childhood, he knows that some words get connected, modifying the sounds of each other or, some of the sounds may simply disappear, or the words get connected by adding a new sound between, etc. For example: “That was a good concert.” In this sentence the last sound /d/ of the word good assimilates to the next sound /g/ of the next word “concert”. “See you next day” Here one can see how the last sound /t/ disappears when saying together with the next word. “I saw it happen.” In this example two vowel sounds meet and to simplify the process of pronouncing it a phoneme /r/ is added. жүктеу/скачать 4.6 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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