Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов минск 2010 ббк утверждено на заседании

(2)* paragraph in which this word or expression is used

4. Now read the article. Did you complete the chart correctly?

Britain Moves Higher In Bribery League

Britain is seen as more corrupt than seven other European countries, including Germany, according to an authoritative annual league table released yesterday by the Berlin-based Transparency International group. Transparency International is a private group, set up in 1993 to fight corruption, and bases its information on seven international surveys of business people, political analysts and the public.

The cleanest countries this year were Denmark, Finland and Sweden, which moved New Zealand from the top position. Britain came relatively low, in 14^th position, its image apparently damaged by stories of sleaze. It was overtaken by Germany, although the Germans still tolerate companies which hand out bribes to foreign contractors.

Germany has been under pressure, especially from the United States, to plug legal loopholes which allow German businessmen to write off bribes abroad against tax. Yet both Britain, and even the United States, which has strict legal barriers against international bribery, are behind the Germans. In part, this is probably because of the nature of the survey, which does not track such areas as company-to-company bribery.

The most corrupt countries this year are regarded as Nigeria, followed by Bolivia, Colombia and Russia. Pakistan has improved its position, earning only one out of ten for honesty last year but 2.53 this year. The chairman of Transparency International, Peter Eigen, issued a warning against focusing on Third World corruption.

‘Corruption is perceived to be greatest there, but I urge the public to recognise that a large share of the corruption is the product of multinational corporations, headquartered in leading industrialised countries, using massive bribery and kickbacks to buy contracts in the developing world and the countries in transition.’ The Third World, in other words, would be less corrupt if developed states stopped offering bribes.

Indeed, the most revealing standings are buried deep in the table. Belgium, for example, is now regarded as more corrupt than Mediterranean nations such as Portugal, Spain and Greece.

‘Every day that the poor scores in the Corruption Perception Index are not being dealt with means more impoverishment, less education and less healthcare,’ said Dr Eigen. Money was diverted from development into over-priced contracts.

A study by Harvard associate professor Shang-Jin Wei found that a rise in corruption levels had the same effect on foreign investments as raising the marginal tax rate by more than 20 percent. ‘Awareness is a first step to fighting or reducing corruption,’ he said.

From The Times

5. Answer these questions about the article.

1. Does Peter Eigen think the Third World is more corrupt than the developed countries? What reasons does he give for his opinion?

2. According to the article, what are the results of corruption?

3. Where does Transparency International get its information from?

4. According to Peter Eigen, what information is missing from the survey?

6. Match these phrasal verbs from the article to a verb with similar meaning.

1. hand out	a) solve
2. write off	b) establish
3. deal with	c) offer
4. set up	d) cancel

7. Make word partnerships with the verbs in Exercise 6 and the nouns in the box. For example, to hand out a bribe.

a bribe	a company	a debt	corruption
a loss	a problem	a bonus	an organisation

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