Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов минск 2010 ббк утверждено на заседании
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| participative management n. a highly motivating style of management which stresses the active participation of employees in the management process
partner n. 1 a company that works with another company in a particular activity, or invests in the same activity someone who starts a new business with someone else by investing in it rank in a company or organization 2 a member of certain types of business or professional groups, for example partnerships of lawyers, architects etc 3 also economic partner a country that invests in another or is invested in by another, or that trades with another 4 also trade partner, trading partner one country that trades with another partnership n. 1 a relationship between two people, organizations, or countries that work together 2 the situation of working together in business 3 a business organization made up of a group of accountants, lawyers etc who work together, or of a group of investors party n. one of the people or groups of people involved in an official arrangement patent1 n. an legal document giving a person or company the right to make or sell a new invention, product, or method of doing something and stating that no other person or company is allowed to do this patent2 v. to obtain a patent, protecting the rights to make or sell a new invention, product, or method of doing something patented adj [only before a noun] peak1 n. the time when prices, shares etc have reached their highest point or level peak2 adj. l peak level/price/rate etc the highest level, etc something reaches 2 peak time/period/hours/season the time etc when the greatest number of people are doing the same thing, using the same service etc peak3 v. to reach the highest point or level penny-pinching adj. not liking to spend money perform v. to do sth, such as a piece of work, task or duty persistence n. determined to do sth despite difficulty, especially when other people are against you are being annoying or unreasonable perspective n. 1 a way of regarding situations, facts, etc., and judging their relative importance 2 the proper or accurate point of view or the ability to see it; objectivity pioneer n. the first person or organization to do something that other people and organizations will later develop or continue to do – pioneer v., pioneering adj. plan n. a drawing or representation of anything, a method, considered beforehand, for carrying out a piece of work planning n. making of plans, laying down of economic goals plummet v. to suddenly and quickly go down in value or amount –plummet n. point-of-sale advertising n. advertising for a product in places where it is sold possess v. to have or own sth possession n. the act of having and controlling property prime time n. the time in the evening when most people are watching television, and the cost of advertising is at its most expensive principal n. the person who employs the broker process n. in business, the transformation of some sort of resource into an end product, thereby increasing the value of the original material product portfolio n. all of a company's products considered as a group production n. the manufacture of physical materials or goods productivity n. the amount of goods or services produced from a given amount of resources proficiency n. the ability to do sth well because of training and practice profit n. the amount of money left from income made by selling goods and services after all the costs of producing the goods and services have been paid for promotion n. l a move to a more important job or rank in a company or organisation – 2 also sales promotion an activity such as special advertisements or free gifts intended to sell a product or service property management n. management of real estate for another person for compensation; duties include collecting rents, maintaining the property, and keeping up all accounting property n. something or a number of things owned by someone, esp. buildings and land protectionism n the idea that a government should try to help an industry in its country by taxing foreign goods that compete with it, limiting the number that can be imported etc, and the actions that it takes to do this – protectionist adj., protectionist n. prototype n. the first form that a new design of a car, machine etc has public limited company (PLC) n. a limited company whose shares are freely sold and traded, in Britain public limited companies have the letters PLC after their name purpose n. the thing that sth is supposed to achieve qualification n. 1 [usually plural] an examination that you have passed at school, university, or in your profession 2 a skill, personal quality, or type of experience that makes you suitable for a particular job quality circle n. a small group of employees who meet regularly to discuss ways to improve working methods and to solve problems quantitative adj. connected with an amount or a number quota n. an official limit on the number or amount of something that is allowed in a particular period R and D n. research and development; the part of a business concerned with studying new ideas and developing new products rational adj. based on reason rather than emotions rationalize also -ise BrE v. to make a business or organization more effective by getting rid of unnecessary staff, equipment etc, or reorganizing its structure – rationalization n. real estate1 n. AmE land or buildings and the business of buying and selling them real estate2 n. the earth's surface extending downward to the center of the earth and upward into space, including all things permanently attached to it by nature or by people real property n. the earth's surface extending downward to the center of the earth and upward into space, including all things permanently attached to it by nature or man, as well as the interests, benefits, and rights inherent in its ownership recall v. 1 if a company recalls one of its products, it asks customers to return it because there may be something wrong with it – recall n. 2 to remember something that you have seen or heard, such as an advertisement – recall n. receipt n. 1 the act of receiving something 2 a document given by someone, showing that they have received money, goods, or services 3 receipts [plural] money that has been received recession n. a period of time when an economy or industry is doing badly, and business activity and employment decrease. Many economists consider that there is a recession when industrial production falls for six months in a row recover v. 1 to increase or improve after falling in value or getting worse 2 to get back money that you have spent or lost 3 to get back something that was stolen, lost, or almost destroyed recovery n. plural recoveries 1 when prices increase, or when the economy grows again after a period of difficulty 2 the act of getting something back, such as money that you are owed recruit1 v. to find new people to work for an organization, do a job etc recruit2 n. someone who has recently joined a company or organization recruitment n. 1 the process or the business of recruiting new people 2 an occasion when someone is recruited redundancy n. plural redundancies especially BrE 1 when someone loses their job in a company because the job is no longer needed 2 [usually plural] a person who has lost their job in a company because the job is no longer needed redundant adj. especially BrE if you are redundant or made redundant, your employer no longer has a job for you reference n. 1 a letter written by someone who knows you well, usually to a new employer, giving information about your character, abilities, or qualifications 2 a person who provides information about your character, abilities, or qualifications when you are trying to get a job reliable adj. someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or depended on – reliability n. relocate v. if a company or workers relocate or are relocated, they move to a different place – relocation n. rent n. a fixed amount of money paid or received regularly for the use of a room, house, etc. that is owned by someone else require v. to need sth; to depend on smb/sth resign v. to officially leave a job, position etc usually through your own choice, rather than being told to leave – resignation n. resource n. 1 [usually plural] also natural resource something such as oil, land, or natural energy that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth 2 resources [plural] all the money, property, skill, labour etc that a company has available restriction n. an official rule that limits or controls what people can do or what is allowed to happen retail outlet n. a shop through which products are sold to the public retailer n. 1 a business that sells goods to members of the public, rather than to shops etc 2 someone who owns or runs a shop selling goods to members of the public rise1 v. to increase in number, amount, or value rise2 n. 1 an increase in number, amount, or value 2 BrE an increase in salary or wages. A rise is called a raise in American English 3 [singular] the process of becoming more important, successful, or powerful rocket also rocket up v. if a price or amount rockets or rockets up, it increases quickly and suddenly sample1 n. 1 a group of people who have been chosen to give opinions or information about something 2 a small amount of a product that people can try in order to find out what it is like sample2 v. 1 to ask questions to a group of people chosen from a larger group, in order to get information or opinions from them, so as to better understand the larger group 2 to try a small amount of a product in order to find out what it is like scarce adj. not enough of smth available scenario n. 1 a summary of the plot of a play, etc., including information about its characters, scenes, etc 2 a predicted sequence of events security n. plural securities 1 actions to keep someone or something safe from being damaged, stolen etc 2 a feeling of being safe and free from worry about what might happen 3 property or other assets that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money that you owe them 4 a financial investment such as a bond or share, or the related certificate showing who owns it segment1 n. 1 a part of the economy of a country or a company's work 2 also market segment a group of customers that share similar characteristics, such as age, income, interests, social class etc 3 also market segment the products in a particular part of the market segment2 v. to divide a large group of people into smaller groups of people of a similar age or with similar incomes, interests etc. Companies segment markets so as to be able to sell to each group the products that are most suitable for it – segmentation n. sell-off n. when a business, company etc, or part of one, is sold to another company set up v. to start a company or organization [= establish] share capital n. capital in the form of shares, rather than in the form of loans share n. one of the parts into which ownership of a company is divided shareholder n. someone who owns shares in a company skill n. an ability to do something well, especially because you have learned and practised it skilled adj. having enough ability, experience or knowledge to be able to do sth well sleaze n. immoral behaviour, especially involving money or sex ‒ sleazy adj. sleeping partner n. a partner who invests in a business but does not take an active part in managing it slot n. a particular time when a television programme or advertisement is shown slush fund n. [usually singular] an amount of money collected for illegal purposes, especially by a politician sole trader n. a legal form of company in some countries for someone who has their own business, with no other shareholders specialty n. an area of work that somebody gives most of their attention and knows a lot about speculate v. 1 to buy goods, shares, property etc in the hope that their value will increase so that you can sell them at a higher price and make a profit, often quickly 2 to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details speculation n. speculative adj. 1 bought or done in the hope of making a profit 2 based on guessing, not on information or facts stabilize also -ise BrE v. to become firm, steady, or unchanging, or to make something do this stake n. [usually singular] money risked or invested in a business stand v. stand at phr. v. to be at a particular level or amount start-up n. a new company statement n. sth that you write or say that gives information or an opinion stock n. 1 especially AmE one of the shares into which ownership of a company is divided, or these shares considered together 2 also stocks a supply of a commodity (=oil, metal, farm product etc) that has been produced and is kept to be used when needed 3 especially BrE a supply of raw materials or parts before they are used in production, or a supply of finished goods. Stocks of raw materials or parts are usually called inventories in American English 4 a supply of goods, kept for sale by a shop or other retailer. Stocks of goods are usually called inventories in American English straight adj. be/play straight with smb to be honest and truthful with someone strategic adj. done as part of a plan to gain an advantage or achieve a particular purpose – strategically adv. strategy n. plural strategies 1 a plan or series of plans for achieving an aim, especially relating to the best way for an organization to develop 2 the process of skilful planning in general stress n. continuous feelings of worry about your work or personal life, that prevent you from relaxing – stressful adj. stressed also stressed out adj. if someone is stressed or stressed out. They are so worried and tired that they cannot relax subliminal advertising n. when images appear very quickly during a television or cinema advertisement with effects that people are not conscious of subordinate n. your subordinate is a person who has a less important position than you in an organisation subsidiary also subsidiary company n. plural subsidiaries a company that is at least half-owned by another company subsidize also -ise BrE v. if a government or organization subsidizes a company, activity etc, it pays part of the cost – subsidized adj. subsidy n. plural subsidies money that is paid by a government or organization to make something cheaper to buy, use, or produce superior n. a person who is higher in rank or social position than others supervision n. being in charge of sth and make sure that everything is done correctly, safely, etc. supervisor n. a person who supervises sth or smb supplies n. the things such as food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people sweetener n. 1 something used to make an offer, suggestion etc more attractive 2 a bribe (=illegal or unfair payment made to someone to persuade them to do something) swindle v. to get money from someone dishonestly by deceiving them – swindle n., swindler n. switch tasks v. to change tasks tactic n. [usually plural] a method that you use to achieve something tactical adj. done in order to achieve what you want at a later time, especially in a large plan tailor v. to make something or put something together so that it is exactly right for someone's needs – tailored adj. take over phr. v. 1 to take control of something 2 to take control of a company by buying more than half of its shares takeover n. the act of getting control of a company by buying more than half of its shares takeover target n. a company that may be bought or that is being bought by another company target1 n. 1 an organization, industry, country etc that is deliberately chosen to have something done to it 2 a result such as a total, an amount, or a time which you aim to achieve target2 v. 1 to make something have an effect on a particular limited group or area 2 to choose someone or something as your target – targeted adj. tariff n. [usually plural] a tax on goods coming into a country or going out of it technique n. 1 a practical method, skill, or art applied to a particular task 2 proficiency in a practical or mechanical skill 3 special facility; knack tenant n. a person who pays rent for the use of land or a building total quality management (TQM) n. the management of systems in a company in order to make sure that each department is working in the most effective way and to improve the quality of the goods the company produces track record n. [usually singular] all the things that a person or organization has done in the past, which shows how good they are at doing their job, dealing with problems etc trade union also trades union n. BrE an organization representing people working in a particular industry or profession, especially in meetings with their employers. Trade unions are called labor unions in American English – trade unionist n. transaction n. 1 a business deal, especially one involving the exchange of money 2 the act of paying or receiving money transition n. formal the act or process of changing from one state or form to another trend n. the general way in which a particular situation is changing or developing trial n. 1 a legal process in which a court of law examines a case to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime 2 [usually plural] a process of testing a product to see whether it is safe, effective etc – trial v., trialling n. triple1 adj [only before a noun] having three parts or members triple2 v. to become three times as much or as many, or to make something do this turnaround also turnround BrE n. [usually singular] 1 the time between receiving an order for goods, dealing with it, and sending the goods to the customer 2 a complete change from a bad situation to a good one 3 a complete change in someone's opinion or ideas turnover n. [singular] 1 BrE the amount of business done in a particular period, measured by the amount of money obtained from customers for goods or services that have been sold 2 the rate at which workers leave an organization and are replaced by others 3 the rate at which goods are sold unique selling proposition also unique selling point (USP) n. [usually singular] the thing that makes a particular product different from all other similar products unscrupulous adj. behaving in an unfair or dishonest way – unscrupulously adv., unscrupulousness n. upgrade1 v. 1 to make a computer, machine etc better and able to do more things 2 to buy a new computer, machine etc that is better and able to do more things than your old one 3 to get a better seat on a plane, a better rented car etc than the one you paid for, or give someone a better seat etc than the one they paid for upgrade2 n. 1 the act of improving a product or service, or one that has been improved 2 new computer software that replaces previous software of the same type 3 an occasion when someone is given a better seat on a plane, a better rented car etc, than the one they paid for upmarket1 also upscale AmE adj. involving goods and services that are expensive when compared to others of the same type, or the people that buy them upmarket2 also upscale AmE adv. go/move upmarket/upscale to start buying or selling more expensive goods or services venture n. a new activity that involves taking risks, especially in business volume n. 1 the amount of space that a substance or object contains or fills 2 the total amount of something warranty n. plural warranties a written promise that a company gives to a customer, stating that it will repair or replace a product they have bought if it breaks during a certain period of time. Warranty is another word for guarantee welfare n. help that is given by government to people with social or financial problems because they are unemployed, ill etc whistleblower n. someone working for an organization who tells the authorities that people in the organization are doing something illegal, dishonest, or wrong wholesaler n. a person or company that sells goods in large quantities to other businesses, who may then sell them to the general public withdraw v. 1 to take money out of a bank account 2 to remove something or take it back, often because of an official decision 3 if a company withdraws a product or service, it stops making it available, either for a period or permanently withdrawal n. 1 the act of taking money out of a bank account, or the amount you take out 2 the removal or stopping of something such as support, an offer, or a service 3 also product withdrawal the act of no longer making a product available, either for a period or permanently 4 the act of no longer taking part in an activity or being a member of an organization workforce n. all the people who work in a particular country, area, industry, company, or place of work yield v. to produce something, especially a profit or a result zero defects n. [plural] the aim of having no faults at all in products that are produced жүктеу/скачать 2.22 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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