1. Function phrase list used for conducting discussions, debates, talks
1. Starting a conversation/discussion
|
I see
Well
I say
First
First of all
To begin with
Look here
Talking /Speaking of/about
Let me see/think
Just a minute/moment
That remind me
To come back to
May I have my say?
In fact
The fact is that
On the one hand.., on the other hand
And now for
As far as I know
|
2. Ending a conversation/discussion
|
To tell the truth
To sum up
Summarizing
Summing up
On the whole
All in all
In conclusion
Finally
In the long run
In short
To make/cut a long story short
That’s all (there is to it)
For all I know
There it is
And so
So much for that
Let’s round off
|
3. Expressing one’s point of view
|
My own feeling is
I can quite/well/easily believe it/that
It’s my opinion that
In my opinion
I think/believe/suppose/maintain/feel/hope that
To my mind
Personally, I
I dare say
To tell the truth
If you ask me
Do you mean to say ..?
What do you mean/think …?
I mean to say
What do you think of…?
What matters is
I want to press the point
In any case
More than that
I must admit
I’m afraid
I’m tempted to agree
|
4. Discussing a topic
|
I should like to know
Could you possibly…?
Please
Could I trouble you…?
Any questions…?
Have you got any questions for Mr. N?
I have (got) some (several) questions
Just one question on this point/paper
As to the question of Mr. N
I would like to ask you about/whether
May I ask a question?
Will/would you say a few words about…?
I wonder whether/if
In reply to your question
I’d like to say that
I have (got) a few/ several comments about/on
I should mention that
I should emphasize that
The problem/article/paper under discussion
I’d like to add a few words to
I realize that
Do you follow me?
Do you take my point?
I can’t make up my mind where I stand on this, I am convinced that
That’s the way I look at things
|
5. Expressing agreement, approval
|
I agree that
I (quite) agree with you
I think so too.
I suppose so
That’s right
Quite right
You are right
That’s my opinion too
I think you are right
A fine idea!
What a good idea!
Not a bad idea!
Good!
Wonderful!
Excellent!
Splendid!
Beyond all questions
Absolutely right/certain
Exactly so
There’s no doubt about it
That’s fine
That’s OK.
|
6. Expressing disagreement, doubt
|
I cannot agree that
I don’t agree that
I don’t quite agree (with you)
I doubt (it)
I don’t think you are right
I am afraid you are wrong (mistaken)
It’s a pity but (that)
I am sorry but (that)
Nothing of the kind
I don’t believe it possible
I don’t believe that
That’s wrong
That may be true, but
I am not sure
I see what you mean, but
Surely not
I find that hard to believe
|
7. Saying you do not know
|
Sorry, I don’t know
I am very sorry, I really don’t know
I am afraid, I don’t know
I must confess, I don’t know
I’ve no idea
I haven’t a clue
I wish I knew
|
8. Giving yourself time to think
|
Oh
Well
Just
Now
You see
You know
Just a moment/minute
Let me see
It’s on the tip of my tongue
How can/shall I put this?
|
9. Adding more information
|
I’d like to add
To tell the truth
In connection with
By the way
To continue
To add
As regards
Concerning
As far as
So far as you
|
10. Verifying the information
|
Do you mean to say that…?
Can you confirm the fact?
Is it true that…?
Am I right to understand that…?
Can you prove it?
Are you sure?
I don’t quite get the idea, I think
I am sure you didn’t mean that
I don’t quite follow what you mean to say
Sorry…?
Pardon…?
|
Expressing ideas or information logically
|
first (of all) сначала, прежде всего
at first / in the beginning сначала
at the beginning/start в начале
secondly во-вторых
then / next затем
before раньше, до того
after (that) после (того)
afterwards впоследствии, потом
finally / eventually / in the end наконец, в конце концов
lastly наконец
at the end в конце
anyway / in any case в любом случае
the thing is дело в том…
(but) in fact / actually / as a matter of fact (но) по сути
(and) indeed (и) на самом деле
|
Contrasting ideas
|
however однако
nevertheless тем не менее
still / yet тем не менее, все же
otherwise / else / or else в противном случае, иначе
alternatively иначе
instead вместо
on the contrary наоборот
by contrast / in contrast в противоположность, по сравнению
on the one hand / on the other hand (for one thing / for another) с одной стороны / с другой стороны
|
Adding information
|
also к тому же, также
moreover кроме того, сверх того
furthermore / what is more более того
besides / in addition кроме того
by the way / incidentally кстати
|
Speaking about causes and results
|
therefore поэтому
so так что, итак
thus таким образом
as a result в результате
this is why вот почему
consequently как следствие, вследствие
for this reason по этой причине
too…for/to слишком…для/чтобы
not enough…for/to недостаточно…для/чтобы
hence следовательно
due to / owing to из-за, благодаря
|
Referring to what has been said above
|
as stated above как говорилось ранее
as shown как показано
as described как уже описывалось
|
Giving examples
|
for example (e.g.) / for instance например
such as такие как
namely а именно
|
Summing up / conclusion
|
in other words другими словами
or rather или (же) скорее
at least по крайней мере
all in all / overall в общем и в целом
generally / in general / on the whole в общем, в целом
in conclusion / to sum it up в заключение
in the main в основном
in short / in brief короче говоря
after all в конце концов
|
PRESENTATION
Dos and Don’ts: preparation
a) find out about the audience: how many people there will be, who they are, why they will be there, and how they know about the subject
b) find out about the venue and the facilities: room, seating plan, equipment, etc
c) plan the content and structure, but don’t write the complete text of the presentation
d) write notes on sheets of paper or cards
e) try to memorize the first five sentences of your talk
f) prepare visual aids: pictures, diagrams.etc.
g) rehearse your presentation with friends or colleagues
Dos and Don’ts: voice
a) project your voice to the back of the room, but don’t shout
b) use a microphone if you need one.
c) don’t speak in a monotone.
Dos and Don’ts: body language
a) make eye contact
b) face the audience at all times
c) smiling is fine at appropriate moments, but not too much
d) use gestures to emphasize key points
e) stay more or less in one place
f) avoid mannerism (ways of moving and speaking which you do repeatedly without realizing)
Dos and Don’ts: timing
a) start on time; don’t wait for latecomers
b) plan how long you’re going to spend on each point – don’t spend too long on a particular point
c) don’t talk about things that have nothing to do with the subject, unless you have a particular purpose in mind
d) finish on time – don’t run over
Rapport with the audience
You can gain the audience’s attention by:
-
telling an anecdote or a story
-
mentioning a really surprising fact or statistic
-
stating a problem
-
asking a question
Key phrases
Introduction
1. Introduce yourself and your subject
|
My name’s ... and I work for ... . My talk is called ...
|
2. Outline what you’re going to talk about
|
There are three main skills areas I want to talk about...
|
3. Say whether people should ask questions during the talk, or at the end of the session
|
If you have any questions, I’ll be very happy to answer them at the end of the session
|
Main part
OK. To begin, let’s look at ... Of course, That’s all I have time for on ....
Let’s move on to the second... As you can see on this transparency/flipchart/screen/board... There are (two) key areas in relation to... I think that covers everything on...
Time is moving on, so let’s trun to the 3rd area...
Closing and dealing with questions
Closing
|
Let me sum up. Firstly,.... secondly,.... and last, but by no means least...
In my view,........
That brings me to the end of my presentation. Are there any questions?
I think that’s a good place to stop. Thank you for listening.
|
Answering the questions
|
That’s a fair point. But I think...
That’s confidential. I’m afraid I’m not at liberty to tell you.
That’s not really my field. But I can put you in touch with someone who...
The questioner would like to know.... Is that right?
Well, I think that goes beyond the scope of today’s presentation. Today I wanted to concentrate on..., not going into....
I’m afraid we’ve run out of time. But ...
Sorry, I didn’t catch the question (the end of the question) – could you repeat your question?
|
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |
