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The distinction between slang and other groups of unconventional English, though 
perhaps subtle and sometimes difficult to grasp. Slang seems to mean everything that is 
below the standard of usage of present – day English. 
ex: 
dirt
= 
(“money”) 
a barker 
= 
(“a gun”) 
to dance 
= 
(“to hang”) 
Very commonly used abbreviations as sis (sister), ma (mama), cig (cigarette).rep 
(reputation) also fall into the category of slang. 
Set expressions which are generally used in colloquial speech and which are clearly 
colloquial are also marked with the notation slang. 
ex: to go in for 
to cut off with a shilling
in a way 
 
b) Jargonisms. 
In the non-literary vocabulary of the English Literary there is group of words that 
are called jargonisms. Jargon is a recognized form for a group of words that exists in 
almost every language and whose aim is to preserve secrecy with in one or another 
social group. Jargonisms are generally old words with entirely new meanings imposed 
on them. 
ex: 
grease (“money”) 
loaf (“head”) 
a tiger hunter (“a gambler”) 
man and wife (“knife”) 
matlo(w) (“sailor”) 
hummen (“a false arrest”) 
Jargonisms are social in character. They are not regional. In England and in the 
USA almost any social group of people has its own jargon. 
The following jargons are well known in the English language: the jargon of thieves 
and vagabonds, generally known as cant; the jargon of the army, known as military 
slang; two jargon of sportsmen and many other varieties. Slang, contrary to jargon, 
needs no translation it is not a secret code. It is easily understood by the English – 
speaking community and is only regarded as something not quite regular. Jargon and 
slang differ from ordinary language mainly in their vocabularies. The structure of the 
sentence and morphology of the language remain practically unchanged. 
They are functioning in limited spheres of society Professional jargonisms, or 
professionalisms, circulate within communities joined by professional interests and are 
emotive synonyms to terms: they are the result of metonymic or metaphoric 
transference of some everyday words: e.g. bull, (one who buys shares at the stock 
exchange); bear (one who sells shares); tin-hat helmet) etc. 

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Social jargonisms are to be found within groups characterized by social integrity, 
they are emotive synonyms to neutral words of the general words stock and 
purposefully conceal or disguise the meaning of the expressed concept. 
ex: 
1. The arrangement was to keep in touch by runners and by walkie-talkie.
(St.H) 
2. Stark bought each one of them the traditional beer a new noncom always buys. (J.) 

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