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| f) Coloquial Coinages – they are spontaneous and elusive. Not all of the colloquial
nonce – words are fixed in dictionaries, most of them disappear from the language leaving no trace in it they are actually not new words but new meanings of existing words. Unlike literary-bookish coinages, nonce-words of a colloquial nature are not usually built means of affixes but are based on certain semantic changes in words that are almost imperceptible to the linguistic observer until the word finds its way into print. It is only a careful stylistic analysis of the utterance as the whole the will reveal a new shade of meaning inserted into the semantic structure of a given word or word combination. Writers often show that they are conscious of the specific character of the nonce- word they use by various means. The following are illustrations of the deliberate use of a new word that either was already established in the language or that was in process of being established as such: 27 “…besides, there is a fact - - (That modern phrase appears to me sad stuff. But it will serve to keep my verse compact). (Byron. “Don Juan”) According to the Oxford Dictionary the meaning of the word fact used in these lines appeared in the English language in 1804. Byron, who keenly felt any innovation introduced into the literary language of his time, accepts it unwillingly. A similar case in which a writer makes use of a newly invented colloquial expression, evidently strongly appreciating its meaning, may be noticed in “In Chancery”, where Galsworthy uses to be the limit in the sense of ‘ti be unbearable’ and comments on it. “Watching for a moment of weakness ahe wrenched it free then placing the dining-table between them, said between her teeth: You are the limit, Monty.” (Undoubtedly the inception of this phrase – – so is English formed under the stress of circumstance.) New expressions, accepted be men-of-letters and commented on in one way or another are not literary coinages but colloquial ones. New literary coinages will always bear the brand of individual creation and will therefore have more or less precise semantic boundaries. The meaning of literary coinages can easily be grasped by the reader because of the use of the productive means of word-building, and also from the context, of course. This is not the case with colloquial nonce-words. The meaning of these new creations creeps into well-known words imperceptibly. One hardly notices the process leading to the appearance of a new meaning. Therefore colloquial nonce-formations are actually not new words but new meanings of existing words. True, there are some words that are built with the help of affixes, but these are few and they are generally built with the most common suffixes or prefixes of the English – which have no shade of bookishness, as –er, -al, un-, and the like. When a nonce-word comes into general use is fixed in dictionaries, it is classed as a neologism for a very short period of time. This shows the objective reality of contemporary life. Technical progress is so rapid that it builds new notions and concepts which in their turn require new words to signify them. To label them neologisms would mislead the reader. Nonce-coinage appears in all spheres of life. Almost every calling has some favourite catch-words which may live but a short time. They, may become permanent and generally accepted term, or they may remain nonce-words, as for example hateships used by John O’Hara in Ten North Frederic.” Particularly interesting are the contextual meanings of words. They may rightly be called nonce-meanings. They are frequently used in one context only, and no traces of the meaning are to be found in dictionaries. Thus, the word opening in the general meaning of a way in the sentence “This was an opening and I followed it”, is a contextual meaning which may or may not in the long run become one of the dictionary meanings. |