Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения
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- УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922 Г 60
- 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922 © КАРО, 2005 ISBN 5-89815-595-3
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| АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Ю. Голицынский Н. Голицынская ГРАММАТИКА СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ ИЗДАНИЕ ПЯТОЕ ИСПРАВЛЕННОЕ И ДОПОЛНЕННОЕ 
УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922 Г 60 Авторы: Ю. Б. Голицынский, Н. А. Голицынская (исправления и дополнения)
Г 60 Грамматика: Сборник упражнений.— 5-е изд. — СПб.: КАРО, 2006.— 544 с.— (Английский язык для школьников). ISBN 5-89815-595-3 Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения. Дополнен теоретическим материалом и словарем. Предназначен для учащихся V—IX классов школ с базовым уровнем изучения английского языка и школ с углубленным изучением английского языка. УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922
Предисловие Предлагаемый сборник содержит грамматические упражнения по основным темам грамматики английского языка: артикль, существительное, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные, местоимения much, many, (a) little, (a) few, степени сравнения прилагательных, предлоги, употребление времен, страдательный залог, согласование времен и косвенная речь, неличные формы глагола, сложное дополнение, сложное подлежащее, условные предложения и употребление сослагательного наклонения после / wish, модальные глаголы. Настоящее пятое издание сборника подверглось переработке, в процессе которой были сделаны многочисленные исправления и дополнения, например, по таким темам, как артикль, существительное, местоимения, предлоги, употребление времен, страдательный залог. В большинство упражнений добавлены новые предложения, а также составлены новые упражнения. Существенно переработаны главы, посвященные герундию, сложному дополнению и сложному подлежащему. Сборник завершается контрольным упражнением, позволяющим проверить правильность усвоения учащимися применения артиклей, употребления времен в активном и пассивном залогах, герундия, причастия и модальных глаголов. Для исправлений и дополнений некоторых грамматических явлений в сборнике приведены примечания, в которых указана ссылка на следующее пособие по грамматике английского языка: Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use". 4 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ Кроме того, в настоящем пятом издании расширен и выверен словарь,, исправлены орфография и транскрипция. Изменения, внесенные в словарь сборника, выполнены в соответствии с орфографией и транскрипцией словаря Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. — Longman Group UK Limited 1992. Англорусский и русско-английский словарь сборника помещен в конце книги, причем он включает все слова, имеющиеся в упражнениях, благодаря чему у ученика не будет необходимости обращаться к большому словарю в поисках незнакомых слов, что облегчит ему работу и сократит время на выполнение упражнений. Перед словарем приведены таблицы с фонетическими символами, используемыми в словаре, которые характерны для английского предложения. Сборник предназначен дяя учащихся средних школ, независимо от их профиля, а также может быть использован при работе со взрослыми. При существующем в настоящее время большом разнообразии учебных программ и учебников не представляется целесообразным согласовывать лексический и грамматический материал с каким-нибудь определенным учебником. В пределах каждого раздела сборника упражнения расположены по мере возрастания трудностей, что дает возможность учителю подбирать упражнения в соответствии с языковым уровнем учащихся. Из собственного многолетнего опыта преподавательской работы авторы сборника знают, что количество грамматических упражнений, предлагаемых любым учебником, недостаточно, а учитель всегда испытывает потребность в дополнительных упражнениях. Поэтому предлагаемый сборник упражнений может оказаться уместным и полезным для работы по любому учебнику и с любой аудиторией.
Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль. Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему. Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание "по" (не "not"!). Упражнение 1 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? — No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is my sister's ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got ... headache. 6. Have they got ... car? — Yes, they have. Their ... car is not very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got ... calculator? — No, I haven't. 8. Is this ... watch? — No, it isn't ... watch, it's ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 10. I can see 6 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ ... pencils on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11. Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it. 14. My ... friend says he is going to be ... millionaire one ... day. 15. Would you like ... orange? 16. Mr. Smith is ... artist, Mrs. Smith is ... poetess. Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль a (an). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the. • E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting. Упражнение 2 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. Не hasn't got ... car. But he's got ... computer. ... computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restaurant. 15. I've got ... idea. 16. What ... shame. 7
Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляе-мыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.- • E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting. исчисляемое в единственном числе This is s meat. The meat is fresh. неисчисляемое These are s books. The books are good. множественное число Упражнение 3 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... vegetarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you!
8 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ 15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow. Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется: at • school at s home at • work Упражнение 4 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no ... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school.
Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным. • E.g. This is a book. This is a good book. Упражнение 5 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting ... stories. 3. My Артикль 9 ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ... cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ... engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil. 11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... pencil. 13. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль: а) если упоминаемый предмет является един ственным в мире: • E.g. The sun is shining brightly. б) если этот предмет является определенным по
• E.g. Put the book on the table. Упражнение 6 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your 10 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ ... brother? — Не is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 8. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands. Упражнение 7 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in ... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? — No, I am ... student. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large. Кроме того, существует огромное количество так называемых устойчивых словосочетаний, в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть. Запомните следующие конструкции: There is a ... . Where is the ... ?
Запомните также следующие предложения: The (book) is on the (table). • Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)1.
1. There is ... big tree in ... garden. 2. There is ... bank near here. — Where is ... bank? 3. There is ... new supermarket in ... centre of our ... town.
Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание: in s front (of) 1 Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога "on" может быть любой другой предлог или заменяющее его словосочетание, напр. "in front of". 12 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ Упражнение 9 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. There is ... wonderful small computer in ... front of ... books there. 2. Where is ... soup? — ... soup is in ... big saucepan on ... gas cooker. 3. Where are ... cutlets? — ... cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... little plate. 4. There is no ... bread on ... table. Where is ... bread? 5. There is ... little brown coffee table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 6. Where is ... table in your ... room? 7. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor in my mother's ... room.
Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля: I have а ... This is a ... I am a ... Не has a ... That is a ... Не is a ... I see a ... It is a ... She is a ... There is a ...
1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... juice on ... kitchen table. 2. Her ... son has ... great ... sense of ... humor. 3. There was ... discotheque at ... club last Saturday but he didn't go. 4. Is there ... bus stop near ... building? 5. We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has ... very good comput- Артикль 13 er. 7. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 8. There is ... very large piano in ... hall. 9. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It's ... bush. 10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I study at ... school. 11. My sister is at ... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 12. This is ... very difficult question. I don't know ... answer to it. 13. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school. 14. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is ... exciting city to visit, but ... very expensive place to live. Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания: in the middle in the corner to the right to the left Упражнение 11 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. There is ... jar of ... orange ... marmelade in ... middle of ... shelf. 2. There is ... big ... box of ... cereal to ... right of you. 3. There is ... bunch of ... bananas on ... table. Don't keep them in ... refrigerator. 4. There is ... loaf of ... white ... bread on ... upper ... shelf of ... refrigerator. If you want your ... bread to be fresh, keep it only in ... refrigerator. 5. Is there ... bag of ... flour in ... cupboard? 6. There was ... bottle of ... lemonade in ... corner of ... kitchen. 7. There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ... sofa. 8. Where is ... table in your brother's ... room? — 14 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ His ... table is near ... window. 9. I can see ... fine ... vase .on ... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 10. We have no ... piano in our ... living room. 11. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 12. I can see ... nice ... coffee table in ... middle of ... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee table. 13. Our ... TV set is on ... little ... table in ... corner of ... room. 14. There is ... beautiful picture in my father's ... study. ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ... window. Упражнение 12 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. My aunt's flat is in ... new house. There is ... living room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dressing table with ... mirror on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is very cosy. Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит неисчисляемое существительное или существительное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово some.
1. There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... English and German books in this ... library. 4. There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 5. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ...
1. Where is ... bus station? — ... bus station is next to ... gas station. 2. There are two ... pets in ... house: ... cat and ... dog. 3. There is ... TV antenna on ... roof. 4. There is ... mailbox between ... building and ... bus stop. 5. There is ... big ... dog in ... front of ... fireplace. 6. Do you speak English at ... work or at... school? 7. She had ... bad ... day today. 8. I have ... colour TV set. ... TV set is on ... little
16 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 11. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 12. Where is ... coffee table in your ... room? — ... coffee table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee table and ... newspapers. There is ... coffee in ... cup. 13. There are ... photographs on ... sofa. 14. There is ... guitar on ... chair near ... piano. Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания: in the morning in the evening in the afternoon at s night А также: to go to ± bed to go to • school to go to s work
1. Every day my ... brother and I get up at eight o'clock and walk to ... school. I like ... school. It's ... fun. My ... brother loves ... football. He hates ... homework. So he doesn't like to go to ... school. Will he go to ... work in ... future? 2. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening. 3. ... weather was very bad in ... morning yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm. Артикль 17 I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard. There were ... boys and ... girls in ... yard. We played in ... yard till late in ... evening. When I came ... home, I drank ... tea, ate ... sandwich and went to ... bed at once. I slept very well at ... night. Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания: at s half past five at a quarter past five to go s home to come s home to leave S home for S work (for S school) жүктеу/скачать 3.81 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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