UNIT 18. ИНТОНАЦИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ С ПРЯМОЙ РЕЧЬЮ. INTONATION OF AUTHOR'S WORDS

UNIT 20. ИНТОНАЦИЯ ПРИЧАСТНОГО ОБОРОТА. INTONATION OF PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION.

Если причастный оборот стоит в начале предложения, то он произносится с восходящим тоном. Например:

Если причастный оборот стоит в конце предложения, он может быть выделен в отдельную синтагму либо нет в зависимости от отношения говорящего и произносится с нисходящим тоном. Например:

1. Having picked up Mr. Dunn's papers from the library floor, she held them out to him.

2. Arriving back they found Ann in the sitting room reading magazines.

3. Closing the door gently she stole upstairs.

4. In the evening they caught some fish eating part of it and saving the rest for the breakfast.

5. A new road will soon be built joining the airport with the railway station.

6. Taking a book from the shelf, he sits down to read it.

7. Having been examined by the customs, the goods were let through.

8. She smiled remembering the joke.

9. Every now and then David raised his head from the book looking at the clock on the wall.

10. I hope you will write soon explaining your intentions.

11. The text being easy they didn't use the dictionary.

12. Having received his diploma he went to the Far East.

13. Having locked the door I saw that I had left my bag in the room.

14. Walking along the embankment I met an old friend of mine.

15. Our things having been packed we went to the station.

16. The story being funny I couldn't help laughing.

17. I felt very tired having worked the whole day in the sun.

18. The yacht lay well out in the middle of the river being carried down by the current.

19. When you enter the hall you will see a staircase leading to the basement.

20. Having slept two hours I felt refreshed and rested.

21. The play being a success, it was impossible to get tickets.

1. Having been wounded in the leg, he...

2. Having arrived in a big seaport, I...

3. Having been once found on the beach, the stone...

4. Judging by the colour of the sun, it...

5. Slamming the door on me, he...

6. Taking every thing into consideration, we...

7. Half-turning on his chair, he...

8. Being dissatisfied with the answer, she...

9. The night being too cold and dark, she...

10. The article being dull, she...

11. Waiting outside, we...

12. Striking a match, he...

13. Seeing her approach, John...

14. Having been seen by her, he...

Exercise III. Read the joke and retell it paying special attention to the intonation of Participial constructions.

Having seen an advertisement in a newspaper for a beautiful modern cheap bicycle, Tom went to the shop. Being busy with another customers the shopkeeper didn't come to Tom immediately. Waiting for the shopkeeper Tom attentively looked around the shop and saw one bicycle standing in the corner. The bicycle turned out to be exactly the one Tom had seen in the advertisement. But having examined it carefully he discovered that it lacked the lamp. Turning to the shopkeeper Tom angrily asked why there was no lamp. Being surprised by his anger the shopkeeper tried to explain that the lamp was not included in the price of the bicycle. Having heard this Tom said that the bicycle in the advertisement had the lamp. Having a good sense of humour the shopkeeper said calmly that there was also a girl on the bicycle in their advertisement but they didn't supply one of them with the bicycle either.

Орфоэпия (от греч. orthos 'правильный' и epos 'речь'), правильное произношение (ср. орфография – правильное написание). Слово орфоэпия употребляется в двух значениях: 1) система единых норм произношения в литературном языке; и 2) наука (раздел фонетики), занимающаяся нормами произношения, их обоснованием и установлением. Орфоэпические нормы называют также литературными произносительными нормами, так как они обслуживают литературный язык, т.е. язык, на котором говорят и пишут культурные люди. Литературный язык объединяет всех говорящих по-русски, он нужен для преодоления языковых различий между ними. А это значит, что у него должны быть строгие нормы: не только лексические – нормы употребления слов, не только грамматические, но и нормы орфоэпические. Различия в произношении, как и другие языковые различия, мешают людям при общении, переключая их внимание с того, о чем говорится, на то, как говорится. Литературным языком называется исторически сложившаяся обработанная форма языка народности или национального языка. Его еще называют общенародным языком. Норма литературного языка опирается на языковой узус (т.е. на массовое и регулярное словоупотребление) и одобрение данного употребления со стороны образованной части общества. Полный стиль используется в публичной речи и вообще в официальной обстановке: он характеризуется более тщательным и четким выговариванием всех элементов слова. Разговорный стиль встречается в непринужденной беседе, когда нет необходимости выговаривать все от начала до конца, так как речь и без того понятна собеседнику. Диалектом называют языковую систему, которая служит средством общения небольшой территориально замкнутой группы людей, обычно жителей одного или нескольких населенных пунктов сельского типа. В этом значении термин «диалект» синонимичен русскому термину «говор» (последний более употребителен). Диалектом называют также совокупность говоров, объединенных общностью языковых черт. Англия.

• 
  Кокни (Cockney) – термин для ряда исторических диалектов районов и ремесленных цехов Лондона
  
• 
  Скауз – диалект жителей Ливерпуля
  
• 
  Джорди – диалект жителей Нортумберленда, в частности Ньюкасла на Тайне
  
• 
  West Country East Anglia (Восточная Англия)
  
• 
  Birmingham (Brummy, Brummie) (Бирмингем)
  
• 
  Cornwall (Корнуолл)
  
• 
  Cumberland (Камберленд)
  
• 
  Central Cumberland (Центральный Камберленд)
  
• 
  Devonshire (Девоншир)
  
• 
  East Devonshire (Восточный Девоншир)
  
• 
  Dorset (Дорсет)
  
• 
  Durham (Дарэм)
  
• 
  Bolton Lancashire (Болтон в Лэнкэшир)
  
• 
  North Lancashire
  
• 
  Radcliffe Lancashire
  
• 
  Northumberland (Нортумберленд)
  
• 
  Norfolk (Норфолк)
  
• 
  Tyneside Northumberland (Тайнсайд Нортумберлэнд)
  
• 
  Somerset (Сомерсет)
  
• 
  Sussex (Сассекс)
  
• 
  Westmorland (Уэстморленд)
  
• 
  North Wiltshire (Уилтшир)
  
• 
  Craven Yorkshire (Йоркшир)
  
• 
  North Yorkshire (Северный Йоркшир)
  
• 
  Sheffield Yorkshire (Шеффилд)
  
• 
  West Yorkshire (Западный Йоркшир)
  

• 
  Lowland Scottish (равнинная Шотландия) – также считается отдельным языком (Lowland Scots)
  
• 
  Edinburgh (Эдинбург) – также считается диалектом языка Lowland Scots
  
• 
  Belfast (Белфаст)
  
• 
  South Wales (Южный Уэльс)
  
• 
  Йола – мѐртвый язык, отделился от средневекового английского
  

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [eɪ]and [e].Listen, and practise the difference.

♫ Exercise 2. Listen to the words. Write the words you hear.

♫ Exercise 3 Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

♫ Exercise 4 a. Say [eɪ] and [e]. Listen, and practise these conversations at an airport information desk.

♫ Exercise . Distinguish between [əʊ] and [ɔ:]. Listen, and practise the difference.

♫ Exercise . Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

1. 
   The hole/hall is enormous.
   
2. 
   I think your bowl/ball is in the kitchen, •
   
3. 
   The coal/call was delayed.
   
4. 
   We’re going to the show/shore next week.
   

Hello, this is Captain Oates speaking. Below us is the coast of Italy. We are very close to Rome - the road below us goes from Rome to the coast. We shall fly over the city before landing. Please obey the NO SMOKING notices.

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [n] and [ŋ]. Listen, and practise the difference.

♫ Exercise 3. Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

1. Stop sinning/singing.

2. He ran/rang home.

3. I think they will ban/bang it.

4. She’s a terrible sinner/singer.

♫ Exercise 4. Say [m]. Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: We must make sure the front bedroom is warm.

B: Why?

A: Don’t you remember? My mother and father are coming tomorrow.

A: I’m going to meet them at the airport at four. Can you come?

B: No, I won’t be home from work in time. But I’ll be home in time to say ‘Welcome’.

♫ Exercise 5. Say [ŋ]. Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: Good evening. My guest tonight is the young singer, Kay King.

B: Good evening.

В: I was recording a song called ‘Bells are Ringing’.

B: Yes. Sometimes everything goes wrong, but today nothing went wrong. I think ‘Bells are Ringing’ is going to be the top song, this spring.

♪ Exercise 6. Say [n] and [ŋ]. Listen, and practise this television announcement.

Britain has won the European Golden Song Contest, for the ninth time. The winning song is ‘Bells are Ringing’, sung by Kay King. Last year’s winners, Sweden, came second. Their new song is called ‘Bing Bang Bong’. Runners-up were Denmark, with the song ‘It’s Spring Again, I’m Young Again’.

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [l] and [r]. Listen, and practise the difference.

♫ Exercise 3. Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

1. The water goes through a lead/red pipe.

2. Let go out of my list/wrist.

3. She weighed the packet, and found the weight was light/right.

4. The examiner is collecting/correcting the exam papers today.

5. He dialed a long/wrong number.

6. Mr Lyon/Ryan is here.

♫ Exercise 4. Say [l]. Listen, and practise this comentary on a guided tour.

Ladies and gentlemen, on your left you will see Lumley Castle. This belongs to Lord and Lady Lumley, who live here with their family. All the land on the left of the road belongs to the Lumleys. They have a famous collection of wild animals, including lions, so please do not leave the coach until we are safely inside the car park. We are lucky; Lord Lumley is allowing us to leave the grounds and go inside this beautiful stately home. Most people can only look at the castle from outside. The time now is quarter to eleven. Please return to the coach by quarter past twelve. Don’t be late, or we’ll miss lunch.

♫ Exercise 5. Say [r]. Listen, and practise this conversation at a hotel reception desk.

A: Good evening. My name is Bridget Rees. I’ve got a room reserved.

B: Oh Ms Rees. We thought you were coming tomorrow. We have reserved a room for you tomorrow night.

A: Tomorrow night? But I wrote to you. I made the arrangements by phone. Then I wrote and confirmed the reservation.

B: Don’t worry. I’m sure there is a room free tonight… Yes, Room 3 is free. Would you sign the register, and I’ll ring for the porter. He’ll carry your cases to your room.

В: I can’t go out. It's snowing, and I've got a cold.

В: I’ll get frozen.

A: Only if you go slowly. Walk quickly.

B: I can’t walk quickly. The ground is frozen. It’s like the South Pole.

A: Oh, stop moaning. I’ll go.

Lesson 5.

Contrasted sounds:

[aɪ], [ɔɪ] and [aʊ]

♫ Exercise 1 a. Say [aɪ]. Listen, and say these words. Notice which words contain [aɪ].

e.g. white wine

♫ Exercise 2 a. Listen, and say these sums:

5 × 5 = 25 Five times five makes twenty-five.

9 ÷ 3 = 3 Nine divided by three makes three.

90 - 5 = 85 Ninety minus five makes eighty-five.

B: I’m afraid all Dr Boyle’s appointments are taken today.

B: Sorry to disappoint you. Now, you’ve got a choice. You could make an appointment to see Dr Boyle tomorrow, or see Dr Lloyd today.

♪ Exercise 4. Say [аʊ]. Listen, and read out three extracts from hotel brochures.

South Beach Hotel is right on the seafront close to the Lighthouse. It has its own paddling pool and children's playground There it a discount for children sharing their parent's room.

◊

Just outside the town, to the south, is Landwater House. This beautiful old house has been the home of the Townsend family for four hundred years. Now John and Mary Townsend have turned it into an outstanding Country House Hotel.

Fountains Hotel is opposite the Town Hall. It takes its name from the fountains in front of the Town Hail. It has a beautiful flower garden, and an underground car park. There is a telephone in every room with direct dialling facilities.

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [eə] and [ɪə]. Listen, and practise the difference.

♫ Exercise 3. Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

1. They gave her three chairs/cheers.

2. The bear/beer was awful.

3. The pear/pier is rotten.

4. He is rarely/really unhappy.

5. The driver of that car is staring/steering at us.

♫ Exercise 4. Say [eə]. Listen, and practise the conversation. Listen carefully to the intonation.

A: Excuse me, I’m looking for Miss O’Dare. Do you know where she is?

B: She's gone to Trafalgar Square.

A: Do you know where, exactly?

B: To the Headquarters of the Dairy Council.

A: Why has she gone there?

B: She has got a dairy. It's called Mary’s Dairy.

A: I thought she was a hairdresser.

B: Oh you mean Clare O’Dare. She's upstairs. It’s her sister Mary who's gone to Trafalgar Square.

♫ Exercise 5 a. Say [ɪə]. Listen and read out this letter.

LEARY BEER COMPANY

‘Brewers of real beer for 70 years’

We have a serious problem here at Leary’s. Barrels of beer keep disappearing from the cellar. I fear we have a thief here. It is clear to me that your experience would be valuable in solving these mysterious disappearances.

Yours sincerely,

P.G. Leary

MR PIERCE: Pierce’s Detective Agency. Can I help you?

MR LEARY: Good morning. My name is ____________________,

from the ____________________ Company. I fear we have a ____________________ problem.

MR PIERCE: Oh dear. What appears to be happening?

MR LEARY: Barrels of ____________________ are ____________________ from the cellar.

MR pierce: Has beer ever disappeared before?

MR leary: No. The Leary Beer Company has been brewing ____________________ for ____________________ and no beer has ever ____________________ before this ____________________. It appears that we have a thief ____________________. It is clear that we need someone with your ____________________ to solve these ____________________.

Lesson 7.

Consonants in comparison:

[θ] and [s]

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [θ] and [s]. Listen, and practise the difference.

thick	sick	path	pass
think	sink	mouth	mouse
theme	seem	moth	moss
thumb	sum	worth	worse
thing	sing	tenth	tense

♫ Exercise 3. Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

1. Be careful! He’s thinking/sinking.

2. What’s the matter? Your thumb/sum doesn’t look right.

3. There’s a path/pass high up in the mountains.

4. Every mouth/mouse is different.

5. That moth/moss was shown in a television programme.

♫Exercise . Say [θ] and [s]. Listen, and practise this conversation.

B: What’s the matter?

B: That doesn’t sound very serious.

B: Well the weather is hot. I expect that’s why you feel thirsty.

A: You’re not very sympathetic. I’m thinking of going to the Health Centre. If there’s anything seriously wrong with my throat, Doctor Thorne will see to me.

B: I don’t think it’s worth it. Doctor Thorne will be less sympathetic than me.

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [ð] and [z]. Listen, and practise the difference.

breathe	breeze	then	Zen
teething	teasing	though	zone
clothing	closing	this	zip
bathe	bays	these	zero

♫Exercise 3 a. Say [ð] and [z]. There are some photographs of Susan and Jonathan's wedding. Some of their friends are talking about the photographs. Listen, and repeat what they say.

His brother is very handsome, isn't he?

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [θ] and [s]. Listen, and practise the difference.

thin	tin	heath	heat
thank	tank	sheath	sheet
thick	tick	fourth	fort
three	tree	path	part
theme	team	north	nought

♫ Exercise 3. Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

1. I never knew what she thought/taught.

2. The theme/team was very popular.

3. We kept it in a thin/tin box.

4. Which path/part are you going to take?

5. I don’t like the heath/heat.

♫Exercise . Say [θ] and [t]. Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: YOU forgot Theo’s birthday on Tuesday!

B: Oh no! I knew his birthday was this month, but I thought it was the tenth.

A: No, it’s the fourth.

B: Did he have a birthday party?

A: Yes, he had thirteen friends to tea.

B: Goodness! I didn’t think three-year-olds had as many as thirteen friends.

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [ð] and [d]. Listen, and practise the difference.

there	dare	breathe	breed
then	den	worthy	wordy
than	Dan	lather	ladder
though	dough

♫Exercise 3 a. Say [ð] and [d]. Listen to someone talking about their childhood. In the text below, circle the words with [] and underline the words with []. The first three are done for you. Then practise the text.

One day, when I was in the third class, we had to write a story. I told a true story about my father. He wanted to clean the windows. He borrowed a ladder. He tried to put it against the wall, but the end of the ladder went through the window. My teacher said it was a very good story. I had to read it aloud to the other students.

Three years later, my brother was in that class. he wrote the same story, about my father and the ladder. He had to read it aloud, too.

♫Exercise 3 b. Listen to these sentences. Notice how the voice rises at the end of the non-final phrases.

One ˏday, when I was in the ˏthird class, we had to write a story.

Three years ˏlater, my brother was in that class.

Lesson 11.

Consonants in comparison:

[θ] and [f]

♫ Exercise 1. Distinguish between [θ] and [f]. Listen, and practise the difference.

three	free	hearth	half
thirst	first	Ruth	roof
thread	Fred	death	deaf
thrill	frill	thaw	four

♫ Exercise 3. Listen to the sentences. For each one, write the word you hear.

1. Did you say "thin"/"fin"?

2. They had problems with the thaw/four.

3. We thought/fought about that for a long time.

4. There are three/free gifts for you.

♫Exercise . Say [θ] and [f]. Listen, and read out this extract from a holiday brochure.



Use the information in the brochure above to identify the places marked 1 to 6 on the map below.

♫Exercise . Say [ð] and [v]. Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: Which vase would you like?

B: That one over there, please.

A: This one?

B: No, that very small one, over there in the corner.

Exercise b. Make similar conversations using the phrases below.



Lesson 12.

Consonants in comparison:

[θ] and [ð]

♫ Exercise 1. Say [θ] and [ð]. Listen, and practise.

THЕ BLYTHE FAMILY

J
ohn Blythe is thirteen. His brother Timothy is fifteen. Their sister Heather is eleven. Their mother and father come from Northern Ireland, but the children were all born in London. Their mother is called Thelma and she is 38. Their father’s name is Matthew, and he is 39.

T
HE SMITH FAMILY

♫ Exercise 1 a. Say clusters with / p, b, t, d, k, g/ followed by /w, r, l, j/. Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: Excuse me, is this the Bladon train?

B: No, I'm afraid you've just missed the Bladon train. It went at 12.03.

A: But it's only twelve o'clock now. Look at the clock.

B: No, that clock's three minutes slow.

Destination	Platform	Time
BRADFORD	6	12:15
PRESTON	4	12:20
GLASGOW	2	12:25
GRANTHAM	3	12:50

♫ Exercise 3. Listen, and practise these conversations.

A: I've got a job with the BBC.

B: The British Broadcasting Corporation?

A: No, the Brighton Brush Company.

◊

A: I didn't sleep very well last night.

A: No, there were breadcrumbs in the blankets.

♫ Exercise 4. Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: Splendid cricket match!

B: Who won?

A: We did! Shropshire needed three runs to win. Shrimpton hit the ball. Fletcher tried to catch it, but it slipped through his fingers.

B: Oh, no! So Shrimpton got his three runs, I suppose.

A: No, Thrush was just behind Fletcher. He flung himself forward ...

B: And he caught the ball?

A: No, but he picked up, and threw it, and Shrimpton was out!

B: What a thrilling ending!

Lesson 14.

Consonant clusters 2- end and middle of words

♫ Exercise 1. Say past tenses. Listen, and repeat these verbs.

1	dragged	escaped	grabbed	locked	opened	robbed
	rushed	unlocked
2	cracked	dropped	helped	jumped	knocked	smashed
	wiped

1 Three masked men ____________ the City Bank yesterday. When the doors were____________, they ____________ in. They ____________ the manager, and ____________ him into the strongroom. They ____________ the safe with his keys. Then they ____________ the manager in, and ____________ with ₤30,000.

2 When I ____________ at the door, he ____________, and ____________ three eggs on the floor. Of course, they ____________. I ____________ him as he ____________ up the mess. His glasses fell on the floor. The glass ____________.

♫ Exercise 3 a. Say [t] or [d] followed by [n]. Listen, and practise this conversation in a department store. Notice the intonation of A’s polite phrases.

B: Pardon?

A: I’m looking for some sewing cotton. Can you tell me which department I need?

B: I’m not certain.

B: I don’t know. You’d better ask an assistant.

curtains wooden bowls garden furniture buttons

an electric kettle, a bottle of wine, an atlas, a Victorian medal,

a pair of headlights, a packet of needles,

a jar of dried rose petals, a model of the Channel Tunnel

♫ Exercise 5. Say longer clusters of consonants. Listen, and practise.

♫ Exercise 1. Link [p, b ,t, d, k, g] to a following vowel smoothly.

My neck͜ aches.

Wrap̮ it͜ in a scarf.

Drink͜ a cup͜ of tea.

Take͜ an aspirin,

Don’t think͜ about it.

Rub͜ it.

Put͜ it͜ on.

Keep͜ it safe.

Lock͜ it up.

Take͜ it to the bank.

Put͜ it͜ in a big͜ envelope, and hide͜ it under the bed.

I’ve got͜ a week͜ off. What shall I do?

Make͜ a dress.

Knit͜ a jumper.

Read͜ a book.

Paint͜ a picture.

Sit͜ and relax.

What would͜ Anne like for Christmas?

a big͜ umbrella

a bag͜ and some 'gloves

a book͜ on music

a red͜ and white scarf

♫ Exercise 2. Link [f, v, ʃ, ʧ, ʤ, s, z, θ] to a following vowel. Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: What do you want to do when you leave School?

B: I ‘want to move͜ into a flat with some friends.

A: It’s less͜ expensive to live͜ at home.

В: I’m going to give͜ a party.

A: Don’t damage͜ anything!

В: I’d like to buy myself͜ a sports car.

A: Don’t crash͜ into anything!

B: I want to catch͜ a plane to South America.

A: Arrange͜ a cheap flight!

B: What do you 'want to do, when you leave school?

A: I want to get a job in a large͜ organisation, and save͜ all my money.

♫ Exercise 3 a. Link [r] to a following vowel. Listen to this conversation in a hospital waiting room.

A: We’ve been waiting for͜ an hour and a half.

B: Say your͜ aunt is very ill. A doctor͜ ought to see her at once.

A: There isn’t a doctor͜ available. They’re͜ all busy.

B: Ask the receptionist to hurry͜ up.

A: I’ve asked her͜ over͜ and over͜ again. The more͜ I ask, the longer͜ I wait.

Exercise 3 b. Now practise the conversation. Make sure to link [r] to a following vowel.

Unit 16.

Word junctures in connected speech. Junctures of the type: vowel plus vowel (V+V)

♪ Exercise . Listen and repeat, linking the vowels [i, ɔ, ei] to the following vowel in the next word.

very interesting

the story is very interesting

The end of the story is very interesting

a lovely ice cream

enjoy a lovely ice cream

I always enjoy a lovely ice cream

a day or two

stay at home for a day or two

I ought to stay at home for a day or two

♫ Exercise . Listen and repeat these sentences which were all overheard at a party. Link vowels [u:, əu, ei, ai] to a following vowel.

I couldn’t do anything about it.

Let’s go into the next room.

Do you know everyone here?

I’ve moved to a hew office - next to Oxford Circus station.

I knew I would be late.

Are you in the same place?

You always say that.

It was so exciting.

I don’t know all the students, but I know all the teachers.

There was snow and ice everywhere

We travelled trough Africa.

I don’t know anything about him.

A: Anne’s just phoned. She and Diana are both on their way. Is dinner nearly ready? Can I help with anything?

B: Yes. Can you get out two eggs from the fridge?

A: Which eggs? The large ones or the small ones?

B: The large eggs. Small eggs are no good.

A: OK. Anything else?

B: Yes. Squeeze another orange, and put the fresh orange juice in a jug, please.

A: Right. What next?

B: There's a pie in the oven. Take it out, and slide it under the grill. Then finish laying the table for me. Each person needs a knife and fork, and a cup and saucer. And then, could you scrub all these potatoes.

A: Come on, Ann and Diana!

♫ Exercise . Now practise the conversation, linking the words smoothly.