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2. Prelaunch (prestart) fever appears with a strong desire to achieve success, accompanied by 
strong emotional excitement. There is an instability of experiences (some experiences are quickly 
replaced by others that are opposite in nature), which in behavior leads to capriciousness, 
stubbornness and rudeness in relations with the environment, to a decrease in self-criticism. Memory 
suffers, attention is scattered (the athlete cannot concentrate, is distracted by unnecessary details), 
perception and ideas are fragmentary, flexibility and logic of thinking decrease, sleep is disturbed. In 
such cases the hands and feet tremble, are cold , the facial features are sharpened, a feverish spotted 
blush appears on the cheeks. The athlete shows fussiness, haste, inadequately responds to common 
stimuli. The ability to relax worsens, coordination of movements is disturbed. There are also instances 
of fear. Generally speaking, this is a state of overexcitation and stress.
3. Prelaunch apathy. Often, a long-term emotional arousal of an athlete turns into inhibition. 
Apathy is accompanied by general lethargy, drowsiness, a decrease in the speed of movements and a 
deterioration in coordination, a weakening of attention and perception processes, a weakening of 
volitional processes; self-doubt, fear of an opponent, etc. Thus, prelaunch apathy is characterized by 
a general decline in psycho-emotional and physical states. However, O.A. Chernikova identifies 
several more psycho-emotional states, which she characterizes as [1]: 
1. Sports excitement - a state of increased activity, a kind of feeling of struggle to achieve the 
goal. It is characterized by an active positive emotional state of a general upsurge of strength, a belief 
in the possibility of winning success, a desire to fight and win. It can occur even before the start of 
the performance in the competition and grow as the wrestling intensifies. At the decisive moments of 
this struggle, it can reach its maximum intensity, turning into a state of sports inspiration or fighting 
enthusiasm when gaining an advantage. A necessary condition for achieving good results in 
competitions, as working capacity increases. 
2. Combat enthusiasm - a state that embraces an athlete in moments of intense sports struggle. 
Combat inspiration is experienced as a state of a special rise in strength, a surge of energy, unshakable 
confidence in the success of one's efforts, selfless joy of struggle, a thirst for active action, a sense of 
strength. 
In a state of combat inspiration, athletes are able to overcome the maximum difficulties for 
themselves, they accept and carry out the most daring ideas, risky decisions in order to achieve 
victory. And it gives them pleasure and joy. However, this state of affairs cannot last long. It 
accompanies, as a rule, the most responsible and critical moments of the competition, when one or 
another athlete fights for victory with all his dedication. 
3. A gaming or sports passion also arises in the process of a sports competition. Its source is 
variable success, which leads to new efforts of struggle, in which each individual success brings the 
goal closer. In this state, the athlete thinks only about wrestling. In a state of sports enthusiasm, the 
athlete does not feel tired, does not notice pain, he is obsessed with only one desire to win. In the heat 
of passion, an athlete sometimes gets too excited, and then he can even forget about the rules of the 
game, make tactical mistakes, waste his energy uneconomically. 
Sports excitement should be distinguished from healthy sports passion with its passionate 
emotionality. In excitement, rudeness is often allowed, forbidden tricks are used, and immoral acts 
are committed. The athlete forgets about sports goals - to achieve high performance and seeks to 
suppress the enemy's offensive by any means. 
4. "Sports anger" is a kind of sports emotion that usually arises suddenly in the process of 
wrestling as a reaction to a failed intention or an unfulfilled attempt to gain an advantage in success, 
when the possibility of achieving the goal is distant. This emotion is experienced as a feeling of active 
protest, unwillingness to come to terms with failure. It is characterized by a certain amount of 
aggressiveness. However, it differs from the usual feelings of anger, malice and rather approaches 
the experience of disappointment, as it contains dissatisfaction with oneself, one's unsuccessful 
actions and a desire to prove oneself fully, to prevent a new failure or defeat. Covered by a flash of 
"sports anger", the athlete quickly mobilizes, shows maximum effort and can sometimes 
unexpectedly and in a short time achieve what seemed to be unattainable success. 

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5. Sports pride is a complex moral feeling characteristic of qualified athletes and expressed in 
a positive emotional attitude to success or victory justly won at the cost of great efforts. Sports pride 
includes the experience of sublime satisfaction and evaluative attitude to the high social significance 
of the obtained sports result. Thus, the winners of the Olympic Games are rightfully proud of their 
championship on the world stage. They experience a legitimate sense of pride in high sporting 
achievements, obtained by their efforts and approved by public opinion. 
Sports pride as a positive moral feeling - respect for the social position of the winner, for the 
public recognition of his dignity. 
6. Sports honor also refers to the moral feelings that arise in the conditions of sports activities. 
It is associated with public recognition of sports merit. Unlike sports pride, which arises and is 
experienced along with the successes achieved, a sense of sports honor is experienced at moments of 
perceived threat of a possible loss of these successes. The sense of sports honor expresses a moral 
attitude to the protection of the social significance of sports, it encourages the athlete to be in a state 
of readiness, to apply all his strength and ability to protect the high rank of an athlete, a member of a 
certain public organization. 
7. Sports rivalry is a kind of feeling generated by the conditions of sports wrestling, an 
indispensable psychological condition for each competition, the most important incentive for 
wrestling. 
The feeling of rivalry is expressed in the athlete's zealous desire for superiority over other 
athletes who claim the same result. 
The results of the research [1] showed that the psychological structure of the emotions of sports 
rivalry is always associated with self-esteem, with an assessment of the results of one's achievements, 
opportunities to succeed. 
As we can see, the psycho-emotional states of athletes listed above by O.A. Chernikova [1] are 
designed to help them achieve success. 
However, post-competitive conditions are diverse and have a heterogeneous effect on the 
subsequent activity and behavior of the athlete. 
Competition, the process of performance, sports result are extremely significant phenomena in 
the life of an athlete. It often happens that the competition is over, and the athlete can not free himself 
from the experiences associated with it. This is the so-called phenomenon of mental perseveration - 
a state of emotional perseveration: the preservation of emotions after the cause that caused them has 
ceased to operate, and the experience of the event continues to excite the athlete [3]. 
The state of frustration is also one of the frequently observed states after the competition, 
expressed in feelings and behavior, caused by a feeling of insurmountable difficulties that arise on 
the way to achieving the goal [4]. These conditions are often when an athlete during the training 
process showed high sports results, and then unexpectedly failed performances. 
It has been proven that after the competition, the athlete feels very complex mental states, the 
features of which depend on many factors [5]:
1) on the result obtained, success or failure and their social significance; 
2) from a result that is unexpected or corresponding to what was planned in advance;
3) from coordinating the result with the level of claims of this athlete;
4) from the intensity of the competition, the difficulties of the struggle that ensured success or 
led to defeat;
5) on the athlete's personal qualities, whether he has promising goals, their correspondence with 
the results shown, his volitional qualities, moral and emotional stability, etc. 
Obviously, with a significant success for an athlete, of course, he experiences satisfaction. All 
this increases the activity of the athlete and favors further work. 
However, positive emotions may also have an adverse effect on his further sports activities, 
because it can turn into complacency and carelessness. As a result, an athlete loses the true measure 
of self-esteem and evaluation of rivals, begins to neglect systematic training, violates a strict regimen, 
and eventually stops “growing”, loses his sporting achievements. 

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In case of failure or defeat, the subjective attitudes of athletes are typical, characterized by 
emotions: displeasure, grief, dissatisfaction, disappointment, resentment. Especially if the defeat of 
this athlete was due to his oversight, unsuccessful tactics or shortcomings in his preparedness, as a 
result, conditions arise: oppression, loss of strength, loss of confidence, depression, indifference, etc. 
It happens that negative emotions of grief take on the active nature of sthenic emotions - 
annoyance, dissatisfaction with an active desire to take revenge, correct mistakes or oversights in the 
future, and even more actively seek victory by working to improve your sportsmanship. Such 
reactions to failure are a guarantee of favorable prospects for an athlete. 
In connection with the great variety of expression of emotions of sports rivalry, with the 
complexity of their socio-psychological content and motivation, special attention should be paid to 
the formation and education of moral manifestations and the culture of expressing these emotions in 
an athlete. 
As we can see, each of these states is characterized by certain shifts in the psycho-emotional 
state and at each stage a “breakdown” of an athlete can occur, so it is necessary to study them, detect 
and correct these states in time, taking into account the types of sports and the individual 
characteristics of the mental state of athletes. 
In general, it can be concluded that the psycho-emotional reactions of athletes largely depend 
and change depending on individual characteristics, personality traits and sports experience. 
Therefore, a sports psychologist must apply comprehensive knowledge to help the athlete, if possible, 
achieve the desired result, but also to correct his mental state so that after the sport he has a normal, 
adequate life. 
Literature 
1. Chernikova O.A. Psychological features of sports emotions / Journal "Sports Psychologist", September 2008. 
2. Ilyin E.P. "Psychology of sports" section one. "Psychology of sports activity" chapter 3 "Emotional sphere of 
athletes" - Publishing house "Piter", 2008. 
3. Chufarovsky Yu. V. Psychology of operational-search and investigative activities: textbook. allowance. - M .: 
Publishing House Prospekt, TK Velby, 2006. P. 108 
4. Levitov N.D. Frustration as one of the types of mental states // Questions of Psychology. - 1967. - No. 6. - S. 
118-129. 

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