Проблемы современной лингвистики 20 21 апреля 2015 года Санкт-Петербург 2015
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Александровна Ростовский Государственный Экономический университет (РИНХ) THE PROBLEMS OF SPEECH CULTURE IN MODERN RUSSIA. The speech culture is not only speech etiquette. Our language and our speech is a projection to everything that happening in the modern world. Language always reflects those socio-political processes which take place in the society, and at the same time definitely forms our outlook. The speech culture can’t be considered in a separation from cultural conditions of society in general. Speech culture is the degree to which speech corresponds to the norms of the literary language; the field of linguistics devoted to the problem of standardization of the literary language and to specific norms and correct usage criteria, which are intended to perfect language as an instrument of culture [3]. Speech culture defined by the attitude towards national language, and level of national language define the development of society in general. A great value is given to problems of speech in a number of countries. For example, linguists of Portugal gather nearly every year and discuss standards of the Portuguese language [1; c.9]. And in Russia the modern speech situation is characterized by indifferent relation to speech culture. And this problem reflects on the whole society. The main problem of speech culture is the problem of literature language. By consideration of the standard of speech at the present stage, the most urgent problems are related to national speech culture, speech culture of concrete national society of a certain (modern) era, social groups, communities, the standard of speech of the certain person (individual)ю Violation of national specifics of Russian language and the Russian speech culture is caused by the low level of the standard of speech of experts of mass media. In the television speech it is shown in increase in lexicon with the words with reduced emotional coloring, vulgarisms, jargons, non-compliance with cultural and ethical standards by TV reporters, various deviations from orthoepic norms. According to scientists, it is caused by a variety of reasons: democratization of broadcasting, overcoming of the totalitarian past and other reasons. One of the reasons is sounded by B. Sapunov [2; с.97]: "The era of an information and computer civilization approaches, and staff is preparing according to the outdated scheme. All system of the educational institutions of the Russian Federation which are graduating experts for mass media, despite its expansion, had no opportunity to provide high-quality training of specialists in the sphere of language". For last decades the shape of Russian literature has changed a lot. Changes happened in its such versions as fiction literature, policy, journalism, mass media. The speech of mass media creates from public mood. In these days Russian society is facing the problem of changing, or redrawing boundaries of the literary language, its structure and standards. The language is developing very quickly, its forms of expression are changing, undesirable tradition and culture integrity gap is becoming a reality. The initiators of such careless use of the language are many Russian mass media. The Russian press, radio and television are making very persistent attempts to popularize new terms and declaring that the mass media language keeps pace with the times, thus deeply affecting all language styles. Since the meanings of new words are grasped very quickly and don’t need to be explained any longer, they became widespread in all social and professional groups – from business circles to young people. It is not so difficult to solve problems which face modern Russian language. First of all, it is very important to increase the quality of education, especially philologists and journalists. Secondly, mass media should filter information because it has a great effect on human’s minds. Актуальные проблемы современной лингвистики 175 The Russian language is changing visibly, losing its self-identity and developing more quickly than it is required, it has a vocabulary quite different from the one it has had before. Nevertheless, we don’t need to exaggerate the threat: Russian is by no means on the verge of ruin or went into recession. It assumes a new look that is misapprehended, mostly by the older generation, as spoiling something that has always been habitual and reliable. Transition of the language to a new stage is a permanent historical process that must not be considered as degradation, impoverishment, decline, degeneration. In the social aspect this transition is regarded as a part of continuous process of the language adaptation to changing conditions of life, ideals of the society, its views and principles even though it’s extremely large speed threatens stability and continuity of literary expression. жүктеу/скачать 6.35 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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