Проблемы современной лингвистики 20 21 апреля 2015 года Санкт-Петербург 2015
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| Daniela Cristina Alves Vrasinec
University Camilo Castelo Branco São Paulo, Brazil THE RESILIENCE OF LATIN Latin is the language of ancient Rome, whose empire covered most of Europe around the beginning of the first millennium, and particularly the period of the Roman Empire's strongest dominance, c.300BC-300AD. Having become a little local language in central western Italy (as was towards the end of the first millennium, and which became Rome) Latin simply grew and spread with the awesome development and power of Roman Empire, prior to which, and without which, Latin was was and would likely have remained, a minority language, and might not have survived at all. Currently Latin is regarded as a 'dead' language because it is not used as a main language in day-to-day communications and life. Latin however remains very much alive as a highly significant language, especially in technical references. For a 'dead' language, the resilience of Latin is significant. Its resilience would be extraordinary were Latin a living language. Latin is still taught to millions of students around the world, and will continue to be for a very long time to come. Some of Latin terminology is very common in general speech and written communications; other Latin terms are more rarely used, in specialized situations, notably for example in law, science, and education. Fundamentally this is because Latin is the main and most recent root language for many major world languages. Also, for centuries, in fact for two millennia, Latin has been the main language of scholarship and academia. More specifically, Latin has for many centuries been used widely in law. Law is crucial to governance and leadership, society and civilization, diplomacy and international relations, business, trade, and commerce, finance, the military, and therefore so is Latin. Latin has for many centuries been the language of the Christian religion, notably of Roman Catholicism. Latin has for many centuries been a crucial language for all of the sciences, therefore it has contributed also to innovation, invention, exploration, transport, discovery, medicine, health, anatomy, every human and animal condition, and life itself. Particularly related to the above, Latin terminology remains the underpinning language of living things and the biological taxonomy which organizes our understanding of every living thing on the planet. Latin is obviously vital for the operation of many fundamental professions and disciplines, and for the rest of us, Latin remains fascinating and helpful in the understanding of our day-to- day language, especially the Latin expressions and terminology which survive and arise in business, technical definitions, law, education, grammar, and science, etc. Latin, primarily via French, had a significant influence on the development of the English language. The conventional English alphabet (along with those of the Romance languages) is known as the Latinate alphabet, because its origins are in ancient Latin. Актуальные проблемы современной лингвистики 113 Latin phrases and words have entered (directly and unchanged) the English language, and many other languages too - and the words, rules and structures of Latin have determined - and continue to determine - the way that new words are created. Latin terminology, expressions and phrases feature widely in the English language. The modern meanings and usage, while evolved and adapted, mostly still generally reflect the original literal translations. Here are just a few examples of Latin terms which are used very widely in English, including some extremely common words and abbreviations: ad hoc alma mater alter ego a priori / a posteriori in vitro e.g. (exempli gratia) etc. (et cetera ) i.e. (id est) N.B. (nota bene) The list of Latin terms, including common phrases, and specialized, yet fascinating terminology could be found in my full paper along with translation and thorough explanation of each term in English. жүктеу/скачать 6.35 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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