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Сборник 2022 Жакыпов с обл

 
 
Zharkyn A. 
(Kazakhstan, Almaty,
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) 
 
THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONS ON PERSEVERANCE AND SELF-CONTROL 
Emotions are assigned an important role as mediators between causal attributions of success or 
failure and achievement behaviors. Emotions have a significant impact on individuals' motivation, 
interpersonal resources, memory, learning, and academic achievement, and can contribute well to the 
development of traits critical to success, and predictors of success are among the most fundamental 
questions in the social sciences. Traditionally conceptualized as cognitive factors such as intelligence 
as determinants of people's success, scholars have found that non-cognitive factors are also strong 
predictors of success, with perseverance and self-control predicting success even more than 
intelligence. 
Grit is a trait defined as "the tenacity and enthusiasm to accomplish long-term goals" [1]. Grit 
is composed of two lower-order traits associated with higher-order traits: persistence and persistence. 
The ability to maintain interest and consistency in a task without being distracted by other factors is 
known as persistence. Persistence is the ability to persist even in difficult situations and even when 
the task goal takes a long time to achieve. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Grit is a strong 
predictor of academic achievement and career success. (It is even a stronger predictor than 
intelligence and cognitive ability.) It is a core factor in individual success. Differences in people's 
perseverance can explain significant differences in job performance among people with the same 
level of ability in the same field. 
Self-control is the conscious regulation of an individual's self-cognition, emotions, and 
behaviors by restraining self-impulses and resisting temptations. It is defined as "the ability to 
overcome impulsive behavior and to make oneself initiate or persist in boring, difficult tasks" [2]. It 
is one of the indispensable conditions for individuals in the process of accomplishing tasks and 
achievements. The control of impulsive thoughts and behaviors is the basis for social and personal 
success. In general, perseverance contains two dimensions - inhibition and initiation. That is the 
inhibition of undesirable behaviors such as resisting the temptation to overeat in the face of good 
food. and promoting desirable behaviors such as getting up early and going to the gym. Types of self-
control include emotional regulation, impulse control, delayed gratification, inhibiting behavior, 
executing goals, maintaining focus, persevering in action, and resisting temptation. 


242 
Both are good predictors of academic achievement and academic success, employment, 
income, savings, and physical health. Control one's behavior, promote desirable behaviors, and not 
be tempted by extra-goal affairs to achieve goals. Two concepts that are related but not identical are 
often confused. Both are goal- and determination-driven and highly predictive of success, and goal- 
and determination-driven. Although self-control can influence an individual's persistence, it may only 
influence short-term, simple goals. For example, in the face of long-term and short-term benefits, 
when individuals choose long-term benefits, they need to control themselves and resist the temptation 
of short-term benefits. However, in the face of long-term efforts to maintain, self-control can fail, and 
perseverance is needed to drive individuals to implement it. 
Duckworth [3] distinguished the difference through the framework proposed by motivation 
theory (shown in Figure 1), one is oriented by lower-order goals, numerous, short-term, and 
substitutable, and related to behavioral tendencies. The other is oriented by higher-order goals, small 
in number, important, and irreplaceable. 
Figure 1 - Goal Hierarchy Framework 
 
The mediating effect of emotions on perseverance and self-control 
Research has generally shown that positive emotions help promote self-control. For example, 
participants were found to consume less popcorn when watching a happy movie than when watching 
a pessimistic movie. In addition, Garg [4] found that positive emotions can offset the consumption of 
self-control. In the experiment, when the subjects' positive emotions were induced, the negative 
effects of the self-control task at the beginning of the experiment were canceled and the control 
resources were even compensated by the positive emotional effects that spiraled upward for good. 
Research has long suggested that negative emotions deplete individuals' levels of self-control, 
but recent studies have shown that different emotions may have different effects on self-control. For 
example, guilt can inhibit undesirable behaviors such as late-night snacking, smoking, and impulse 
shopping [5].Angry people are more decisive in making decisions, do not postpone their choices, are 
less biased in choosing compromises, are more satisfied with the choices made, and have more goal-
aligned behaviors [6]. 
People who experience regretful emotions in a particular area or matter make more careful and 
correct decisions in the same area [7]. Zeelenberg examined athletes who did not finish first in a 
swimming race and found that those who showed regretful emotions enhanced their performance in 
the next race more than those who did not [8]. Khan, in a later study Khan, in a later study, found that 
sadness can improve an individual's self-control and self-discipline [9]. 
Perseverance is a relatively new topic in emotion research. There have not been many studies 
on the effect of emotions on perseverance, and most of the studies have shown a positive correlation 
between positive emotions and perseverance, while there are very few studies on the relationship 
between negative emotions or even different emotions and perseverance. However, as mentioned 


243 
earlier, perseverance has a strong correlation with self-control, which can provide indirect evidence 
for the effect of specific negative emotions on perseverance. In another article, I evoked different 
emotions through movie clips and tested subjects' perseverance levels before and after emotional 
arousal. The effect of different emotions on perseverance was investigated. The results of the 
experiment showed that people in happy and angry emotional states had higher levels of perseverance 
compared to the neutral emotion group. People in aversive moods also had increased levels of 
perseverance compared to neutral moods. In addition, people in sad and fearful mood states had lower 
levels of perseverance. 
Research has consistently shown that positive emotions have a positive impact, but there is also 
a lot of research showing that extreme positive emotions can make individuals overconfident, leading 
them to make poor decisions, reduce self-control, or lead to fruitless persistence. Although negative 
emotions have been studied for their negative effects on the human body, because they are so 
prevalent in our lives, they should not be dismissed, but rather understood and how to master and turn 
them into the motivation we need. 
Negative emotions like anger can have a positive impact on decision-making. In some decision-
making contexts, anger may shape good outcomes. The impact of anger is unique and, unlike other 
negative emotions (such as sadness), is a constructive force. Emotion-regulated cognitions (thoughts 
about behaviors that are conducive to achieving goals) influence goal-related behaviors, and these 
cognitions may only be relevant to the goal. 
References 
1. 
Duckworth, A.L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M.D., & Kelly, D.R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for 
long-term goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(6), 1087.
2. Baumeister, R.F., Vohs, K.D., & Tice, D.M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current directions 
in psychological science, 16(6), 351-355. 
3. Duckworth, A., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Self-control and grit: Related but separable determinants of 
success. Current directions in psychological science, 23(5), 319-325. 
4. Garg, N., Wansink, B., & Inman, J. J. (2007). The influence of incidental affect on consumers’ food 
intake. Journal of Marketing, 71(1), 194-206. 
5. Zemack-Rugar, Y., & Fitzsimons, G. (2011). Depletion Versus Load: Differential Effects on Self-Control in 
the Reactance-To-Recommendations Paradigm. ACR North American Advances. 
6. Khan, U., Maimaran, M., & Dhar, R. (2010). Positive upshots of anger in decision-making. ACR North 
American Advances. 
7. Nelson, N., Malkoc, S., & Shiv, B. (2010). Functional regret: The positive effects of regret on learning from 
negative experiences. ACR North American Advances. 


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